Abstract
Maladaptive emotion regulation (ER) strategies are important predictors of stress generation—the process by which individuals with certain traits are likely to experience higher levels of dependent (self-generated), but not independent (fateful), stressful life events. Positive affect (PA) dampening, the tendency to downregulate positive moods by reducing their intensity and duration, may weaken interpersonal ties and therefore increase vulnerability to stress generation, particularly in the interpersonal domain. The present study examined longitudinal associations between PA dampening and stress generation in an adolescent sample (N = 241, Mage = 15.9, 51.8% female) assessed at baseline and at follow-up 1.5 years later. Dampening was assessed with a self-report questionnaire and stress exposure was assessed using contextual threat-based interview methods. Preregistered analyses revealed that PA dampening did not prospectively predict episodic interpersonal or non-interpersonal dependent stress; instead, dampening was associated with greater episodic independent stress, inconsistent with the stress generation model. Higher dampening at baseline also predicted increases in chronic stress in both interpersonal and non-interpersonal domains over follow-up. Findings suggest that PA regulation strategies may contribute to sustained stressful contexts, rather than discrete life events.
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Notes
Because life stress is considered a formative construct, it is not advisable to control for autoregressive effects of baseline stressors. However, doing so did not alter results: PA dampening did not predict episodic interpersonal dependent stress (β = .09, p = .225) or episodic non-interpersonal dependent stress (β = .10, p = .163) when controlling for the corresponding T1 stress variable.
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Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Drs. Y. Irina Li, Zoey Shaw, Meghan Huang, and Fanny Mlawer for their assistance with project management and data collection.
Funding
Funding for this study was provided by the University of Rochester. KC was supported by a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship.
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Rachel Chen: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Formal Analysis, Writing – Original Draft. Angela Santee: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Formal Analysis, Writing – Review & Editing. Katharine Chang: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – Review & Editing. Lisa Starr: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Supervision, Funding Acquisition, Writing – Review & Editing.
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Lisa Starr, Rachel X. Chen, Angela C. Santee, and Katharine K. Chang have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
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Chen, R.X., Santee, A.C., Chang, K.K. et al. Positive Affect Dampening Prospectively Predicts Changes in Chronic Life Stress, but Not Episodic Stress Generation Among Adolescents. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 45, 1081–1095 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-023-10083-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-023-10083-3