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Female Psychopathic Traits in Forensic and School Context: Comparing the Antisocial Process Screening Device Self-Report and the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory-Short

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Abstract

The association between psychopathic traits and antisociality among females is an important and understudied area of research. Drawing on 377 female adolescents (103 selected from forensic settings and 274 selected from school settings) from Portugal, the current study examined the psychometric properties of the Antisocial Process Screening Device Self-Report (APSD-SR) and Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory - Short version (YPI-S) in female youth populations. When comparing these two measures the YPI-S revealed clearer results in terms of its three-factor structure and internal consistency, and stronger convergent validity coefficients. The APSD-SR revealed problems in terms of its factor structure and internal consistency of its Callous-Unemotional (CU) and Impulsivity dimensions. Convergent validity was demonstrated among these measures and with measures of other facets of the psychopathy construct (CU traits, narcissism) and related constructs (reactive and proactive aggression), and discriminant validity was found with a measure of basic empathy. Expected significant associations were found in terms of criterion-related validity with several indicators of delinquent careers including age of criminal onset, Conduct Disorder (CD), crime seriousness, violent crimes, alcohol use, and drug use.

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Notes

  1. It should be noted that many psychopathy measures (e.g., APSD, PPI, YPI, ICU) also have differential predictive validity for serious delinquency outcome variables (Asscher et al. 2014; DeLisi et al. 2014a; Fritz et al. 2008; Muñoz and Frick 2007; Pechorro et al. 2013; Poythress et al. 2006b; Vaughn et al. 2008b), and that various subscales of these measures exhibit differential predictive validity.

  2. In a meta-analysis of the Hare measures of psychopathy and antisocial behavior, Leistico et al. (2008) found that gender composition of the sample was a significant moderator of PCL-R Total and PCL-R Factor 1 effect sizes. The negative regression coefficients indicated that the scores explained future antisocial conduct in samples that included more female participants. Conversely PCL-R Factor 2 effect sizes appear to be equivalent despite the gender composition of the samples.

  3. This relationship has also been shown physiologically. O’Leary et al. (2007) studied 84 college students (male and female). They found that high psychopathy males showed no increases in cortisol after a stress test, but high psychopathy females did show increases in cortisol.

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Acknowledgements

We wish to thank the following Portuguese juvenile detention centers for their collaboration: Bela Vista, Navarro de Paiva, and Santa Clara.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Psychology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal

    Pedro Pechorro & Rui Abrunhosa Gonçalves

  2. Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, Coimbra, 3001-802, Portugal

    Pedro Pechorro

  3. Örebro University, SE – 701 82, Örebro, Sweden

    Henrik Andershed

  4. Iowa State University, 203A East Hall, Ames, IA, 50011-1070, USA

    Matt DeLisi

Authors
  1. Pedro Pechorro
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  2. Rui Abrunhosa Gonçalves
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  3. Henrik Andershed
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  4. Matt DeLisi
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Pedro Pechorro.

Ethics declarations

This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT; Grant SFRH/BPD/86666/2012) with co-financing of the European Social Fund (POPH/FSE), the Portuguese Ministry of Education and Science, and by FEDER (PT2020 Partnership Agreement; UID/PSI/01662/2013).

Ethical Approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Conflict of Interest

Pedro Pechorro, Rui Abrunhosa Gonçalves, Henrik Andershed and Matt DeLisi declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Experiment Participants

The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the DGRSP-MJ and DGE-ME (Code: 0338400001).

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Pechorro, P., Gonçalves, R.A., Andershed, H. et al. Female Psychopathic Traits in Forensic and School Context: Comparing the Antisocial Process Screening Device Self-Report and the Youth Psychopathic Traits Inventory-Short. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 39, 642–656 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-017-9605-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-017-9605-y

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