Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Fabrication, biodegradation behavior and cytotoxicity of Mg-nanodiamond composites for implant application

  • Engineering and Nano-engineering Approaches for Medical Devices
  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Mg-based biodegradable implants offer several advantages over their non-degradable or degradable polymeric counterparts used today. However, the low corrosion resistance of Mg in physiologic environment remained as concerns. In this research, nanodiamond (ND) was uniformly dispersed in Mg matrix to induce a protective layer on Mg surface during corrosion. Compared with pure Mg, fabricated Mg-ND nanocomposites had lower corrosion rates, higher corrosion potential, and higher corrosion resistance. Specifically, the corrosion rate of Mg was reduced by 4.5 times by adding 5 wt% of ND particles. Corrosion inhibition effect of ND was thus validated. The chemical interaction and physical adsorption of the ions from simulated body fluid on ND might be the main reason for enhanced corrosion resistance. In vitro biocompatibility test results indicated that Mg-ND nanocomposites were biocompatible since cells growing in contact with corrosion products of Mg-ND maintained high cell viability and healthy morphology. Therefore, Mg-ND nanocomposites with homogenous ND dispersion, enhanced corrosion resistance, and good biocompatibility might be an excellent candidate material for biodegradable implant application.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Hermawan H. Biodegradable metals: state of the art, in biodegradable metals. Berlin: Springer; 2012. p. 13–22.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Yun Y, et al. Revolutionizing biodegradable metals. Mater Today. 2009;12(10):22–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Moravej M, Mantovani D. Biodegradable metals for cardiovascular stent application: interests and new opportunities. Int J Mol Sci. 2011;12(7):4250–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Gong H, et al. Biomimetic design and fabrication of porous chitosan–gelatin liver scaffolds with hierarchical channel network. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2014;25(1):113–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Onuma Y, Ormiston J, Serruys PW. Bioresorbable scaffold technologies. Circ J. 2011;75(3):509–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Suomalainen P, et al. Comparison of tunnel placements and clinical results of single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction before and after starting the use of double-bundle technique. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2013;21(3):646–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Lee J-M, et al. Size of metallic and polyethylene debris particles in failed cemented total hip replacements. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1992;74(3):380–4.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Staiger MP, et al. Magnesium and its alloys as orthopedic biomaterials: a review. Biomaterials. 2006;27(9):1728–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Witte F, et al. Degradable biomaterials based on magnesium corrosion. Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci. 2008;12(5–6):63–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Zheng Y, Gu X. Research activities of biomedical magnesium alloys in China. JOM. 2011;63(4):105–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Witte F, et al. In vivo corrosion of four magnesium alloys and the associated bone response. Biomaterials. 2005;26(17):3557–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Song G, Atrens A. Understanding magnesium corrosion—a framework for improved alloy performance. Adv Eng Mater. 2003;5(12):837–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Erinc M, Sillekens W, Mannens R. Applicability of existing magnesium alloys as biomedical implant materials. Warrendale: Magnesium Technology; 2009. p. 209–14.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Vijayasarathy PR. Engineering chemistry. New Delhi: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd; 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Böhni H. Localized corrosion of passive metals. In: Winston Revie R, editor. Uhlig’s corrosion handbook. 3rd edn. 2000. p. 157–69.

  16. Song G. Recent progress in corrosion and protection of magnesium alloys. Adv Eng Mater. 2005;7(7):563–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Gray J, Luan B. Protective coatings on magnesium and its alloys—a critical review. J Alloy Compd. 2002;336(1):88–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Rudd AL, Breslin CB, Mansfeld F. The corrosion protection afforded by rare earth conversion coatings applied to magnesium. Corros Sci. 2000;42(2):275–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Yasakau KA, et al. Mechanism of corrosion inhibition of AA2024 by rare-earth compounds. J Phys Chem B. 2006;110(11):5515–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Zhang Q, et al. Mechanical properties and biomineralization of multifunctional nanodiamond-PLLA composites for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials. 2012;33(20):5067–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Ye X, et al. In vitro corrosion resistance and cytocompatibility of nano-hydroxyapatite reinforced Mg–Zn–Zr composites. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2010;21(4):1321–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Pramatarova L, et al. Peculiarities of hydroxyapatite/nanodiamond composites as novel implants. J Phys. 2007;93(1):012049.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Razavi M, Fathi MH, Meratian M. Microstructure, mechanical properties and bio-corrosion evaluation of biodegradable AZ91-FA nanocomposites for biomedical applications. Mater Sci Eng A. 2010;527(26):6938–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Razavi M, Fathi MH, Meratian M. Fabrication and characterization of magnesium-fluorapatite nanocomposite for biomedical applications. Mater Charact. 2010;61(12):1363–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Zhang Q, et al. Fluorescent PLLA-nanodiamond composites for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials. 2011;32(1):87–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Zhang QW, et al. Fluorescent PLLA-nanodiamond composites for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials. 2011;32(1):87–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Schrand AM, et al. Are diamond nanoparticles cytotoxic? J Phys Chem B. 2007;111(1):2–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Schrand AM, Hens SAC, Shenderova OA. Nanodiamond particles: properties and perspectives for bioapplications. Crit Rev Solid State Mater Sci. 2009;34(1–2):18–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Yuan Y, et al. Pulmonary toxicity and translocation of nanodiamonds in mice. Diam Relat Mater. 2010;19(4):291–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Mohan N, et al. In vivo imaging and toxicity assessments of fluorescent nanodiamonds in caenorhabditis elegans. Nano Lett. 2010;10(9):3692–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Chow EK, et al. Nanodiamond therapeutic delivery agents mediate enhanced chemoresistant tumor treatment. Sci Trans Med. 2011;3(73):73ra21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Pramatarova L, et al. Peculiarities of hydroxyapatite/nanodiamond composites as novel implants. J Phys. 2007;93:012049 IOP Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Standard A. G31-72. Standard Practice for Laboratory Immersion Corrosion Testing of Metals (Reapproved 1990), Annual Book of ASTM Standards, 2004; 302.

  34. Kokubo T, et al. Solutions able to reproduce in vivo surface-structure changes in bioactive glass-ceramic A-W3. J Biomed Mater Res. 1990;24(6):721–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Standard I. Biological evaluation of medical devices—Part 5: tests for in vitro cytotoxicity. Geneve, Switzerland: International Organization for Standardization; 2009.

  36. Jang J-W, et al. Cl−, SO42−, and PO43− distribution in concrete slabs ponded by corrosion-inhibitor-added deicing salts. Adv Cem Based Mater. 1998;8(3–4):101–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Groysman A. Corrosion for everybody. Berlin: Springer; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Witte F, et al. Biodegradable magnesium–hydroxyapatite metal matrix composites. Biomaterials. 2007;28(13):2163–74.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Feng A, Han Y. Mechanical and in vitro degradation behavior of ultrafine calcium polyphosphate reinforced magnesium-alloy composites. Mater Des. 2011;32(5):2813–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. He S-Y, et al. Microstructure and properties of biodegradable [beta]-TCP reinforced Mg-Zn-Zr composites. Trans Nonferr Metals Soc China. 2011;21(4):814–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Gong H, Kontsos A, Kim Y, Lelkes PI, Zhang Q, Yao D, Hazeli K and Zhou JG. Micro characterization of Mg and Mg alloy for biodegradable orthopedic implants application. In: ASME International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference; 2012. p. 891–895.

  42. Burke P. Investigation of the sintering fundamentals of magnesium powders. Halifax, NS: Dalhousie University; 2011.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We gratefully thank the Centralized Research Facility (CRF) of the College of Engineering, Drexel University for providing access to electronic microscopes used in this work. We also would thank the Prof. Donggang Yao for the mentorship, Prof. Richard Chiou for his help in hardness test, Prof. Ying Sun for providing experimental instruments, Dr. Qingwei Zhang and Juan Wang for her help in Mg corrosion study, Xin Yang for his help in SEM, and Ziyan Lin and Edward Gillman for their help in Mg-ND fabrication. We acknowledge support from NSF under the Grant Number CMMI-0927963.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Haibo Gong, Chris R. Dennison, E. Caglan Kumbur & Jack G. Zhou

  2. Department of Material Engineering, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA

    Babak Anasori

  3. Department of Molecular Biology, Rowan University, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA

    Kun Wang & Randy Strich

Authors
  1. Haibo Gong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Babak Anasori
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Chris R. Dennison
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Kun Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. E. Caglan Kumbur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Randy Strich
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Jack G. Zhou
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jack G. Zhou.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gong, H., Anasori, B., Dennison, C.R. et al. Fabrication, biodegradation behavior and cytotoxicity of Mg-nanodiamond composites for implant application. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 26, 110 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-015-5441-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-015-5441-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation