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Effect of L-histidine hydrochloride monohydrate (LHICL) doping in potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) on single crystal growth, structural, optical, electrical, and mechanical traits

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Abstract

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4; KDP) is a well known non-linear optical (NLO) material for vast number of applications in optical device fabrication. Most of the amino acid group materials exhibit NLO property. In a view to get the probable improvement in the NLO properties with good growth rate, structural, optical, electrical, and mechanical behavior, a suitable dopant L-Histidine hydrochloride monohydrate (LHICL) at different concentration levels added to the saturated solutions of KH2PO4 (KDP) was investigated. The bulk single crystals of pure and LHICL-doped KDP crystals were grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique. The growth rate was found to be increased along (100) plane with increasing the dopant concentration. The grown crystals characterized by powder X-ray diffraction showed interesting results in doped crystals with increased intensity of a few peaks due to relative increase in the number of crystallites which are aligned along the growth direction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) confirms the dopant presence in the host compound. High-resolution X-ray Diffraction (HRXRD) curves for both undoped and doped KDP crystals showed quite good crystalline perfection. In case of doped crystals, a slight increased scattered intensity on the positive side of diffraction peak of the high-resolution diffraction curves was observed depicting the incorporation of the dopants in the interstitial positions of the lattice. At higher concentrations, the internal stress generated by the dopants led to the formation of a very low angle boundary. This is followed by an interesting finding that the quality of the main crystal block enhanced by the segregation of dopants at the grain boundaries. UV–Vis–NIR spectroscopic studies revealed that there is no appreciable change in the lower cut-off wavelength ~ 275 nm due to doping and the band gap energy was increased from 2.8 to 3.4 eV with increasing doping concentration. However, doping led to enhanced optical transmittance in KDP crystal. The photoluminescence spectrum revealed different defects observed due to doping in KDP specimen. The hardness of the grown crystals was measured by Vicker’s hardness measurements and observed an enhancement of hardness due to doping. The frequency dependent of dielectric constant (εr), dielectric loss (tan δ), a.c. resistivity, and a.c. conductivity were studied for pure KDP and doped KDP crystals. The Nyquist plots drawn for pure and doped KDP crystals revealed good crystalline perfection without any major grain boundaries, in line with the HRXRD results. The observed relative SHG measurements revealed some enhancement with doping in KDP crystals.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Director, Dean Academics and Administrative officers of RGUKT-A.P, IIIT Nuzvid for their support and encouragement. The authors are highly thankful to Prof. P. Ramasamy for providing instrumentation facilities to characterize the samples at SSN College of engineering, Chennai, Tamilnadu.

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The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, 530003, India

    Y. A. S. Anitha & P. V. L. Narayana

  2. Department of Physics, Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, Nuzvid, Andhra Pradesh, 521202, India

    G. Durgababu

  3. Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT-AP University, Amaravati, Andra Pradesh, 522237, India

    I. Ramakanth

  4. Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, Nuzvid, Andhra Pradesh, 521202, India

    U. Vijayasree

  5. Department of Physics, B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamilnadu, 600048, India

    T. Kamalesh

  6. Department of Physics, VSM Group of Institutions, Ramachandrapuram, East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, 533255, India

    G. Bhagavannarayana

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  1. Y. A. S. Anitha
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and materials properties. The material synthesis and design of the experimental work and collection of data and analysis were performed by YASA, GD, IR, UVS, TK, GB, and PVLN. The first draft of the manuscript written by GD and the authors read and approved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to G. Bhagavannarayana.

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Anitha, Y.A.S., Durgababu, G., Ramakanth, I. et al. Effect of L-histidine hydrochloride monohydrate (LHICL) doping in potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) on single crystal growth, structural, optical, electrical, and mechanical traits. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 35, 594 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-12317-w

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