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Investigation on crystal growth, spectral, linear optical studies, and third-order nonlinear optical analysis of L-Cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate lithium sulphate (L-CHMLS) single crystals for optical limiting applications

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Abstract

Crystals made of amino acids have remarkable nonlinear and electro-optical characteristics. L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate (C3H7NO2·S.HCL·H2O) lithium sulphate (Li2SO4), a new nonlinear optical material belonging to the semi-organic category, was produced for the first time via slow evaporation. L-CHMLS is a monoclinic crystal system, according to X-ray diffraction studies on single crystals. Based on FT-IR and Raman vibrational patterns, L-CHMLS is proven to contain functional groups. Ultra–Visible spectral analysis shows that the crystal exhibits Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) signals at 276 nm due to its reduced cut-off wavelength. The UV absorption curve indicates that the optical band gap is 4.49 eV. The measurement of optical constants using UV-Visible absorbance data, such as extinction coefficient and reflectance, is beneficial to NLO device performance. On grown crystals, luminescence study was conducted, and the maximum emission occurs with good optical transmission over the visible spectrum. Micro hardness and dielectric investigations were used to evaluate the mechanical and dielectric properties of L-CHMLS. By using SEM, we assessed the surface morphology of the crystal as it was grown. Analysing the L-CHMLS crystal with energy dispersive X-rays yielded its chemical composition. To estimate laser damage threshold (LDT), an Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) was used. The presence of L-CHMLS’s nonlinear optical feature was proven by a second harmonic generation test utilizing a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser. Z-Scan techniques are used to examine the crystal’s third-order nonlinear optical properties. An excited state absorption or sequential absorption can be observed in this material. In view of its greater nonlinear absorption coefficient (0.54 × 10−10 m/W) and lower onset optical limiting threshold (3.19 × 1012 W/m2), L-CHMLS is an attractive candidate for optical limiting devices.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the ACIC instrumentation center, St. Joseph’s College, Trichy − 02 for FT-IR, UV-Vis-NIR, FL, Dielectrics, and Microhardness characterization facilities. Nanophotonics Laboratory, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024 for Z-scan characterization, and also thanks to B.S. Abdur Rahman Crescent Institute of Science and Technology Vandalur Chennai – 48 for LDT & NLO characterization facilities. Wish to thank Sophisticated Analytical Instrumentation Facility (SAIF) Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)—Madras for structural characterization. I extend my acknowledgment to Raman Research Park, SRM University Potheri Chennai – 603 203 for Raman instrumentation facilities, Karunya University Coimbatore for SEM-EDAX facilities,

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  1. Department of Physics, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Kumbakonam, Tamilnadu, 612 002, India

    M. Meena, M. Shalini, B. Samuel Ebinezer & R. S. Sundararajan

  2. Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620 024, India

    T. C. Sabari Girisun

  3. Department of Physics, Dr. M.G.R Government Arts and Science College for Women, Annamalai University, Villupuram, Tamilnadu, 605 401, India

    E. Manikandan

  4. Bharathidasan University , Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, 620 024, India

    M. Meena, M. Shalini, B. Samuel Ebinezer & R. S. Sundararajan

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All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by MM. The first draft of the manuscript was written by MM, MS, BSE, RSS, TCS, and EM and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Meena, M., Shalini, M., Ebinezer, B.S. et al. Investigation on crystal growth, spectral, linear optical studies, and third-order nonlinear optical analysis of L-Cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate lithium sulphate (L-CHMLS) single crystals for optical limiting applications. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 1778 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-11195-y

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