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Nanostructured metal sulphides synthesized by microwave-assisted heating: a review

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Abstract

In recent decades, nanostructured metal sulphides (MSs) have gained great interest due to their extensive applications ranging from optoelectronic devices to biomedical applications. Significant efforts are being focused on low toxicity MSs in response to the notable interest of the scientific community in pursuing more environmentally friendly alternatives. The controlled synthesis of MS nanostructures is crucial for providing control of their optoelectronic properties and potential applications. Among the various methods for synthesis of MSs, the microwave-assisted heating approach seems to be a viable option to conventional heating techniques for producing nanostructures using green routes, because of its homogeneous heating, greatly reduced synthesis time, as well as uniform morphology and higher phase purity of the produced materials. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of microwave-assisted heating and highlight its utility in the synthesis of MSs nanostructures. We address the synthesis of six environmentally friendly binary MSs that have been obtained by microwave-assisted heating: ZnS, SnSx (x = 1,2), CuS, Fe2S, Bi2S3, and Sb2S3. Herein, the most relevant findings related to the impact of microwaves on the morphology, dimensions, and properties of MS nanostructures have been summarised, emphasising the role of the dielectric constant. We conclude that materials with a large dielectric constant tend to grow in all directions with a proclivity towards a spherical shape, while materials with a small dielectric constant often grow unidirectionally, forming rod-like crystals. Finally, we evaluate the limitations, advantages, and prospects of microwave-assisted heating for the synthesis of nanostructures.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Energías Renovables, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62580, Temixco, Morelos, México

    Dulce K. Becerra-Paniagua

  2. Universidad del Istmo, Santo Domingo Tehuantepec, 70760, Oaxaca, México

    Evelyn B. Díaz-Cruz

  3. Centro de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 62209, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México

    Alejandro Baray-Calderón

  4. Centro Regional de Educación Superior Campus Cruz Grande, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Florencio Villarreal, 41800, Guerrero, México

    Ana R. Garcia-Angelmo

  5. Instituto de Física “Luis Rivera Terrazas”, Benemerita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Ecocampus Valsequillo, 72960, San Pedro Zacachimalpa, Puebla, México

    E. Regalado-Pérez

  6. Departamento de Ingeniería Molecular de Materiales, Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnologia Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 76230, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México

    María del Pilar Rodriguez-Torres

  7. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Ambientales, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Iguala de la Independencia, 40040, Guerrero, México

    Claudia Martínez-Alonso

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Contributions

EBDC and CMA: original idea for this review, original draft preparation and reviewing and editing. All author contributed with Investigation, writing and discussion. EBDC: Bismuth sulphide, ABC: Copper sulphide, DKBP: Morphology control, ARGA: Tin sulphide, ERP: Iron sulphide, MPRT: Zinc sulphide. CMA: Antimony sulphide. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Becerra-Paniagua, D.K., Díaz-Cruz, E.B., Baray-Calderón, A. et al. Nanostructured metal sulphides synthesized by microwave-assisted heating: a review. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 33, 22631–22667 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-09024-9

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