Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Optoelectronic artificial synapses based on copper (II) phthalocyanine with modulated neuroplasticity

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Optoelectronic synapses have been attracting significant attention due to their important role in visual information processing. In this work, we fabricate an all-organic optoelectronic synaptic device with a double heterojunction structure of PEDOT:PSS/poly(vinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE))/copper (II) phthalocyanine (CuPc) by a simple preparation process. The introduction of a dielectric P(VDF-TrFE) layer between PEDOT:PSS and CuPc layers benefits the trapping of charge carriers and slows down the electron-hole recombination rate. This two-terminal optoelectronic device is successfully applied to simulate synaptic functions of biological synapses by using optical pulses of 660 nm, including paired-pulse facilitation, spike-duration dependent plasticity, spike-rate dependent plasticity, spike-number dependent plasticity, and learning-experience behavior. Furthermore, the key characteristics of a nociceptor and the optical logic function of the “AND” and “OR” operations are also emulated. This work illustrates the potential of such device for constructing neuromorphic computing systems at the physical level.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The authors abide by ethical standards and are funded by the project fund (listed in Acknowledgments). The authors demonstrate that there is no conflict of interest between their current work and any individual/organization. All authors agreed to submit to the original article in Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics. The authors claim that none of the materials in this manuscript has been published or is under consideration for publication elsewhere. All data generated and analyses during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary material. The data that support the finding of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

References

  1. P. Yao, H. Wu, B. Gao, S.B. Eryilmaz, X. Huang, W. Zhang, Q. Zhang, N. Deng, L. Shi, H.-S.P. Wong, Nat. Commun. 8(1), 1–8 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. J.Y. Mao, L. Zhou, X. Zhu, Y. Zhou, S.T. Han, Adv. Opt. Mater. 7(22), 1900766 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. S.J. Kim, S.B. Kim, H.W. Jang, Iscience 24(1), 101889 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. P. Gkoupidenis, N. Schaefer, B. Garlan, G.G. Malliaras, Adv. Mater. 27(44), 7176–7180 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. J. Zhu, T. Zhang, Y. Yang, R. Huang, Appl. Phys. Rev. 7(1), 011312 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Y. Zhang, Z. Wang, J. Zhu, Y. Yang, M. Rao, W. Song, Y. Zhuo, X. Zhang, M. Cui, L. Shen, R. Huang, J. Joshua, Yang, Appl. Phys. Rev. 7(1), 011308 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. I.H. Im, S.J. Kim, H.W. Jang, Adv. Intell. Syst. 2(11), 2000105 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. T. Ahmed, S. Kuriakose, E.L. Mayes, R. Ramanathan, V. Bansal, M. Bhaskaran, S. Sriram, S. Walia, Small 15(22), 1900966 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. D. Hao, D. Liu, J. Zhang, Y. Wang, J. Huang, Adv. Mater. Technol. 6(12), 2100678 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. H.L. Park, H. Kim, D. Lim, H. Zhou, Y.H. Kim, Y. Lee, S. Park, T.W. Lee, Adv. Mater. 32(11), 1906899 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. H. Wang, Q. Zhao, Z. Ni, Q. Li, H. Liu, Y. Yang, L. Wang, Y. Ran, Y. Guo, W. Hu, Adv. Mater. 30(46), 1803961 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Y. Wang, L. Yin, W. Huang, Y. Li, S. Huang, Y. Zhu, D. Yang, X. Pi, Adv. Intell. Syst. 3(1), 2000099 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. J. Lao, M. Yan, B. Tian, C. Jiang, C. Luo, Z. Xie, Q. Zhu, Z. Bao, N. Zhong, X. Tang, L. Sun, G. Wu, J. Wang, H. Peng, J. Chu, C. Duan, Adv. Sci. 9(15), 2106092 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. S.M. Kwon, J.Y. Kwak, S. Song, J. Kim, C. Jo, S.S. Cho, S.J. Nam, J. Kim, G.S. Park, Y.H. Kim, Adv. Mater. 33(45), 2105017 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. S. Gao, G. Liu, H. Yang, C. Hu, Q. Chen, G. Gong, W. Xue, X. Yi, J. Shang, R.-W. Li, ACS Nano 13(2), 2634–2642 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. L. Zhao, Z. Fan, S. Cheng, L. Hong, Y. Li, G. Tian, D. Chen, Z. Hou, M. Qin, M. Zeng, Adv. Electron. Mater. 6(2), 1900858 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Y. Sun, L. Qian, D. Xie, Y. Lin, M. Sun, W. Li, L. Ding, T. Ren, T. Palacios, Adv. Funct. Mater. 29(28), 1902538 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. L. Yang, M. Singh, S.W. Shen, K.Y. Chih, S.W. Liu, C.I. Wu, C.W. Chu, H.W. Lin, Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(6), 2008259 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. F. Ma, Y. Zhu, Z. Xu, Y. Liu, X. Zheng, S. Ju, Q. Li, Z. Ni, H. Hu, Y. Chai, Adv. Funct. Mater. 30(11), 1908901 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. J. Lao, W. Xu, C. Jiang, N. Zhong, B. Tian, H. Lin, C. Luo, J. Travas-Sejdic, H. Peng, C.G. Duan, Adv. Electron. Mater. 7(8), 2100291 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. L. Fang, S. Dai, Y. Zhao, D. Liu, J. Huang, Adv. Electron. Mater. 6(1), 1901217 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. B. Das, M. Samanta, P. Sarkar, U.K. Ghorai, A. Mallik, K.K. Chattopadhyay, Adv. Electron. Mater. 7(4), 2001079 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. D. Hao, J. Zhang, S. Dai, J. Zhang, J. Huang, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12(35), 39487–39495 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. C. Qian, S. Oh, Y. Choi, J.-H. Kim, J. Sun, H. Huang, J. Yang, Y. Gao, J.-H. Park, J.H. Cho, Nano Energy 66, 104095 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. P. Zhao, R. Ji, J. Lao, W. Xu, C. Jiang, C. Luo, H. Lin, H. Peng, C.-G. Duan, Org. Electron. 100, 106390 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Z.-D. Luo, X. Xia, M.-M. Yang, N.R. Wilson, A. Gruverman, M. Alexe, ACS Nano 14(1), 746–754 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. W. Wang, S. Gao, Y. Li, W. Yue, H. Kan, C. Zhang, Z. Lou, L. Wang, G. Shen, Adv. Funct. Mater. 31(34), 2101201 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. C.M. Yang, T.C. Chen, D. Verma, L.J. Li, B. Liu, W.H. Chang, C.S. Lai, Adv. Funct. Mater. 30(30), 2001598 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. N.R. Hosseini, J.S. Lee, ACS Nano 9(1), 419–426 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Y. Park, J.-S. Lee, ACS Nano 11(9), 8962–8969 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Y. Wang, Y. Zhu, Y. Li, Y. Zhang, D. Yang, X. Pi, Adv. Funct. Mater. 32(1), 2107973 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. A.M. Schmidt, M.J.F. Calvete, Molecules 26(9), 2823 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. C. Qian, S. Oh, Y. Choi, S. Seo, J. Sun, J.-H. Park, J.H. Cho, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 12(9), 10737–10745 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. R. Ji, G. Feng, C. Jiang, B. Tian, C. Luo, H. Lin, X. Tang, H. Peng, C.-G. Duan, Adv. Electron. Mater. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202101402

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. R. Sarkar, T.K. Kundu, J. Chem. Sci. 130(8), 115 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Y. Zhang, H. Dong, Q. Tang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(33), 11580–11584 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Z. Chen, Y. Yu, L. Jin, Y. Li, Q. Li, T. Li, Y. Zhang, H. Dai, J. Yao, Mater. Des. 188, 108415 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. L. Wang, J. Yang, Y. Zhu, M. Yi, L. Xie, R. Ju, Z. Wang, L. Liu, T. Li, C. Zhang, Adv. Electron. Mater. 3(7), 1700063 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. C.J. Wan, L.Q. Zhu, Y.H. Liu, P. Feng, Z.P. Liu, H.L. Cao, P. Xiao, Y. Shi, Q. Wan, Adv. Mater. 28(18), 3557–3563 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. N. Duan, Y. Li, H.C. Chiang, J. Chen, W.Q. Pan, Y.X. Zhou, Y.C. Chien, Y.H. He, K.H. Xue, G. Liu, T.C. Chang, X.S. Miao, Nanoscale 11(38), 17590–17599 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. J. Kim, B.E. Alger, J. Neurosci. 21(24), 9608–9618 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. P.A. Salin, M. Scanziani, R.C. Malenka, R.A. Nicoll, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93(23), 13304–13309 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. J. Gong, H. Yu, X. Zhou, H. Wei, M. Ma, H. Han, S. Zhang, Y. Ni, Y. Li, W. Xu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 30(46), 2005413 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. L.Q. Guo, H. Han, L.Q. Zhu, Y.B. Guo, F. Yu, Z.Y. Ren, H. Xiao, Z.Y. Ge, J.N. Ding, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 11(31), 28352–28358 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Z.Q. Wang, H.Y. Xu, X.H. Li, H. Yu, Y.C. Liu, X.J. Zhu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 22(13), 2759–2765 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. T. Ohno, T. Hasegawa, T. Tsuruoka, K. Terabe, J.K. Gimzewski, M. Aono, Nat. Mater. 10(8), 591–595 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. M. Xiao, D. Shen, M.H. Futscher, B. Ehrler, K.P. Musselman, W.W. Duley, Y.N. Zhou, Adv. Electron. Mater. 6(1), 1900595 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. S. Zhao, Z. Ni, H. Tan, Y. Wang, H. Jin, T. Nie, M. Xu, X. Pi, D. Yang, Nano Energy 54, 383–389 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan (No. 19JC141670, 21520714100) and NSFC (No. 62004204). The authors thank ECNU Multifunctional Platform for Innovation (004 and 006) for technology support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices (MOE), Department of Electronics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China

    Rongxue Ji, Ruixiang Li, Guangdi Feng, Jie Lao, Chunli Jiang, Bobo Tian, Chunhua Luo, Hechun Lin, Hui Peng & Chun-Gang Duan

  2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, Shanxi, China

    Hui Peng & Chun-Gang Duan

  3. National Laboratory for Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, 200083, China

    Chunli Jiang

Authors
  1. Rongxue Ji
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ruixiang Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Guangdi Feng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Jie Lao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Chunli Jiang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Bobo Tian
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Chunhua Luo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Hechun Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Hui Peng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Chun-Gang Duan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed to this study. HP, CL, and RJ contributed to the study conception and design. CJ, BT, HL, and CGD provided experimental conditions support. RJ and RL performed the experiment and acquired the data. RJ, GF, and JL analyzed data. The first draft of the manuscript was written by HP and RJ. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Chunli Jiang or Hui Peng.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (PDF 424 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ji, R., Li, R., Feng, G. et al. Optoelectronic artificial synapses based on copper (II) phthalocyanine with modulated neuroplasticity. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 33, 18497–18506 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-08702-y

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-08702-y

Search

Navigation