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Effects of different dwell-times under low pelletization pressure on the physical properties of the Bi-2212 ceramics

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Abstract

We reported the evaluation of superconducting properties of Bi-2212 ceramics prepared under different dwell times between 12 and 72 h under 114 MPa constant pelleting pressure using precursors produced through the conventional solid-state reaction. From the XRD patterns, it is clear that all samples contain a high Bi-2212 phase ratio. Moreover, they include only Bi2CaO4 as secondary phase. This means that even though the applied pelleting pressure was low, it allowed the formation of the Bi-2212 phase due to its high-thermodynamic stability. SEM results showed that all samples have similar grain morphology with random grain orientation and formation of homogeneous phases, except that they have different grain sizes. Tc values obtained from the M-T curve (magnetization vs. temperature) for all samples are in the range of 77–82 K, indicating that the Bi-2212 phases are formed in the ideal ratio. The magnetic properties of the prepared samples were investigated using M-H (Magnetic hysteresis) and magnetic Jc curves (critical transport current density calculated in the framework of the Bean model), at 15 K.

It has been found that the dwell time of 12 h at constant pelleting pressure of 114 MPa provided the best superconducting properties and the largest Jc values (1.605 × 104 A/cm2 at T = 15 K and H = 1.5 T) for the Bi-2212 phase in this work. In addition, to better examine the flux pinning properties of samples, the pinning force density (Fp) was calculated from the Jc and B values. The maximum pinning force (3.929 Oe A/cm2 at T = 15 K and H = 1.95) has been obtained in the sample including dwell time of 12 h under 114 MPa.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

All samples have been prepared in the Physics Laboratory in Tarsus University in Turkey. All measurements in this study have been made in the Central Research Laboratory (ÇÜMERLAB) in Çukurova University in Adana.

Funding

We declare that we have not taken any research grants from funding agencies. Moreover, we have no any interests that go financial interests that could impart bias on the work submitted for publication such as professional interests, personal relationships or personal beliefs (amongst others).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Tarsus University, 33400, Tarsus, Turkey

    Emine Kara & Berdan Özkurt

  2. Department of Management Information Systems, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Tarsus University, 33400, Tarsus, Turkey

    Pınar Özkurt

  3. Department of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Tarsus University, 33400, Tarsus, Turkey

    Berdan Özkurt

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  1. Emine Kara
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, and analysis were performed by [EK], [PÖ], and [BÖ]. The first draft of the manuscript was written by [BÖ] and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Berdan Özkurt.

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Our manuscript is original. It does not contain a conflict of interest or relationship of interest with anyone. We declare that there is no recent present or anticipated employment by any organization that may gain or lose financially through publication of this manuscript. On the other hand, we clearly say: “If the work is made public after publication, there is no undeclared financial interest that will embarrass me.”

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Kara, E., Özkurt, P. & Özkurt, B. Effects of different dwell-times under low pelletization pressure on the physical properties of the Bi-2212 ceramics. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 33, 14951–14960 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-08412-5

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