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Effects of the sodium ions addition on the varistor properties of ZnO–Co3O4–Pr6O11 ceramics

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Abstract

The effects of Na+ ions addition on the crystalline phases, microstructures, and varistor characteristics of ZnO–Co3O4–Pr6O11 ceramics were investigated using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the electron probe microanalysis method (EPMA). The results indicate that the oxygen vacancies existing in Pr6O11 due to the substitution of Na+ for Pr ion could enhance the phase stability of Pr6O11, decrease the evaporation of Pr and promote the oxygen migration along the grain boundaries and oxygen ions chemisorbed at the grain boundaries. Therefore, the addition of sodium ions can effectively enhance the varistor properties of ZnO–Co3O4–Pr6O11 ceramics.

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Acknowledgements

The Ministry of Science and Technology supported this work, Taiwan [Grant No. 110-2622-8-006 -017 -SB]. The authors gratefully acknowledge the use of XRD005100 and EM000600 of MOST110-2731-M-006-001 belonging to the Core Facility Center of National Cheng Kung University.

Funding

Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) in Taiwan (Grant No. 110-2622-8-006-017-SB).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hierarchical Green-Energy Materials Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC

    Yu-Min Shen

  2. Particulate Research Center, Department of Resources Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC

    Hsing-I. Hsiang

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  1. Yu-Min Shen
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  2. Hsing-I. Hsiang
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Contributions

Conceptualization, H-IH; methodology, YMS; validation, H-IH, and YMS; formal analysis, YMS; investigation, YMS; resources, H-IH; data curation, YMS; writing—original draft preparation, H-IH; writing—review and editing, H-IH; visualization, H-IH; supervision, H-IH; project administration, H-IH; funding acquisition, H-IH. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Hsing-I. Hsiang.

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Shen, YM., Hsiang, HI. Effects of the sodium ions addition on the varistor properties of ZnO–Co3O4–Pr6O11 ceramics. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 28935–28941 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-07279-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-07279-2

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