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Preparation and characterization of Cu-doped TiO2 nanomaterials with anatase/rutile/brookite triphasic structure and their photocatalytic activity

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Abstract

Pure TiO2 and Cu–doped TiO2 containing different amounts of copper ions with anatase/rutile/brookite triphasic structure were successfully synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method. The obtained samples were characterized by X–ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV−vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-DRS), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analyze (BET). Both pure and Cu–doped TiO2 show relatively high photocatalytic activity owing to their considerable surface areas. Moreover, the three–phase coexisting structure and the conversion between Cu2+ and Cu+ ions facilitate the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, which is favorable for photocatalytic performance. 1%Cu–TiO2 exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity and the degradation degree of rhodamine B (RhB) reaches 93.5% after 30 min, which is higher than that of monophasic/biphasic 1%Cu–TiO2. ·O2− radical is the main active species, and h+ and ·OH species are subsidiary in the degradation process.

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Acknowledgements

This project was funded by the Applied Basic Research Programs of Sichuan Province (Grant Nos. 2019YJ0664, 2018JY0062), the Chengdu Technology Innovation Research and Development Project of Chengdu City (Grant No. 2019-YFYF-00013-SN) and the Training Program for Innovation of Sichuan Province (CDU-CX-2021527, S202011079053).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China

    Xiaodong Zhu, Qin Zhou, Yangwen Xia, Juan Wang, Hongjin Chen, Qiao Xu, Jiawei Liu & Wei Feng

  2. College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China

    Xiaodong Zhu & Shanhua Chen

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  1. Xiaodong Zhu
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Zhu, X., Zhou, Q., Xia, Y. et al. Preparation and characterization of Cu-doped TiO2 nanomaterials with anatase/rutile/brookite triphasic structure and their photocatalytic activity. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 21511–21524 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06660-5

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