Abstract
Tetravalent titanium (Ti4+)-substituted nickel ferrite nanoparticles with varying composition were prepared by standard sol–gel auto-combustion method. The phase identification and nanocrystalline nature were studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The room temperature X-ray diffraction pattern show only those planes which belong to cubic spinel structure. No extra peak other than cubic spinel structure appeared in the XRD pattern suggesting that the prepared nanoparticles possess single-phase cubic spinel structure except x = 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6. The plane (311) observed in the XRD pattern showed maximum intensity and is used to calculate the crystallite size (t). The Debye–Scherrer’s formula was used to calculate the crystallite size which was found to vary between 19 and 23 nm for varying Ti composition x. The lattice constant (a) and other structural parameters were obtained from XRD data. The lattice constant is found to be decreasesing with increase in Ti substitution. The FE-SEM images of typical samples confirmed the spherical shape morphology. The magnetic properties were studied by means of vibrating sample magnetometer and Mossbauer spectroscopy technique. All the samples exhibit a good magnetic property which decreases with Ti substitution. The saturation magnetization goes on decreasing from 43.14 (for x = 0.0) to 12.86 (for x = 0.5) which may be attributed to the decreasing A–B interaction. The Mossbauer spectrum of typical samples show sextet pattern. The Moosabauer parameters like isomer shift, quadrupole splitting, Line width etc. were obtained. The dielectric parameters such as dielectric constant, dielectric loss and dielectric loss tangent etc. were recorded using vector network analyzer.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
M. Mohammadi et al., Targeted development of sustainable green catalysts for oxidation of alcohols via tungstate-decorated multifunctional amphiphilic carbon quantum dots. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 11(36), 33194–33206 (2019)
A. Ansari et al., Novel Fe3O4/hydroxyapatite/β-cyclodextrin nanocomposite adsorbent: synthesis and application in heavy metal removal from aqueous solution. Appl. Organomet. Chem. 33(1), e4634 (2019)
M. Mohammadi et al., Ionic-liquid-modified carbon quantum dots as a support for the immobilization of tungstate ions (WO42–): heterogeneous nanocatalysts for the oxidation of alcohols in water. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 7(5), 5283–5291 (2019)
H. Kamani et al., Sonocatalytic oxidation of reactive blue 29 by N-doped TiO2 from aqueous solution. J. Mazandaran Univ. Med. Sci. 28(166), 157–169 (2018)
F. Moradnia et al., A novel green synthesis and characterization of tetragonal-spinel MgMn2O4 nanoparticles by tragacanth gel and studies of its photocatalytic activity for degradation of reactive blue 21 dye under visible light. Mater. Res. Express 6(7), 075057 (2019)
S.T. Fardood et al., Green synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic activity of cobalt chromite spinel nanoparticles. Mater. Res. Express 7(1), 015086 (2020)
X.-W. Yan et al., Metal–organic framework derived porous 2D semiconductor C/ZnO nanocomposite with the high electrical conductivity. Mater. Lett. 252, 325–328 (2019)
V. Safarifard, A. Morsali, Facile preparation of nanocubes zinc-based metal-organic framework by an ultrasound-assisted synthesis method; precursor for the fabrication of zinc oxide octahedral nanostructures. Ultrason. Sonochem. 40, 921–928 (2018)
N.-N. Zhang et al., Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis, characterization and DNA binding studies of Ru(II) complexes with the chelating N-donor ligand and preparing of RuO2 nanoparticles by the easy method of calcination. J. Organomet. Chem. 878, 11–18 (2018)
J.-J. Xue et al., Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis and DNA interaction studies of two new Ru complexes; RuO2 nanoparticles preparation. Nanomedicine 13(21), 2691–2708 (2018)
P. Hayati et al., Sonochemical synthesis of two novel Pb(II) 2D metal coordination polymer complexes: new precursor for facile fabrication of lead(II) oxide/bromide micro-nanostructures. Ultrason. Sonochem. 42, 310–319 (2018)
S.M. Pormazar et al., Application of amine-functioned Fe3O4 nanoparticles with HPEI for effective humic acid removal from aqueous solution: modeling and optimization. Korean J. Chem. Eng. 37(1), 93–104 (2020)
T. Mortezazadeh et al., Glucosamine conjugated gadolinium (III) oxide nanoparticles as a novel targeted contrast agent for cancer diagnosis in MRI. J. Biomed. Phys. Eng. 10(1), 25 (2020)
P. Raizada et al., Silver-mediated Bi2O3 and graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposite as all solid state Z scheme photocatalyst for imidacloprid pesticide abatement from water. Desalin. Water Treat. 171, 344–355 (2019)
K. Atrak, A. Ramazani, S.T. Fardood, Eco-friendly synthesis of Mg0.5Ni0.5AlxFe2-xO4 magnetic nanoparticles and study of their photocatalytic activity for degradation of direct blue 129 dye. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 382, 111942 (2019)
F. Moradnia et al., Green synthesis of recyclable MgFeCrO4 spinel nanoparticles for rapid photodegradation of direct black 122 dye. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 392, 112433 (2020)
B.E. Azar et al., Green synthesis and characterization of ZnAl2O4@ ZnO nanocomposite and its environmental applications in rapid dye degradation. Optik 208, 164129 (2020)
K.K. Kefeni, T.A. Msagati, B.B. Mamba, Ferrite nanoparticles: synthesis, characterisation and applications in electronic device. Mater. Sci. Eng. B 215, 37–55 (2017)
D.S. Mathew, R.-S. Juang, An overview of the structure and magnetism of spinel ferrite nanoparticles and their synthesis in microemulsions. Chem. Eng. J. 129(1–3), 51–65 (2007)
Somvanshi, S.B., et al., Structural, thermal, spectral, optical and surface analysis of rare earth metal ion (Gd3+) doped mixed Zn–Mg nano-spinel ferrites. Ceramics International, 2020.
A. Goldman, Modern Ferrite Technology (Springer, Berlin, 2006).
A. Verma et al., Development of a new soft ferrite core for power applications. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 300(2), 500–505 (2006)
S.R. Patade, et al., Effect of zinc doping on water-based manganese ferrite nanofluids for magnetic hyperthermia application. in AIP Conference Proceedings, AIP Publishing LLC, 2020
C.R. Vestal, Z.J. Zhang, Magnetic spinel ferrite nanoparticles from microemulsions. Int. J. Nanotechnol. 1(1–2), 240–263 (2004)
T. Tatarchuk, et al., Spinel ferrite nanoparticles: synthesis, crystal structure, properties, and perspective applications, in International Conference on Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials, Springer, 2016
S.B. Somvanshi et al., Hydrophobic to hydrophilic surface transformation of nano-scale zinc ferrite via oleic acid coating: magnetic hyperthermia study towards biomedical applications. Ceram. Int. 46(6), 7642–7653 (2020)
H.L. Andersen et al., Crystalline and magnetic structure–property relationship in spinel ferrite nanoparticles. Nanoscale 10(31), 14902–14914 (2018)
K.K. Kefeni et al., Spinel ferrite nanoparticles and nanocomposites for biomedical applications and their toxicity. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 107, 110314 (2020)
D. Makovec et al., The synthesis of spinel–ferrite nanoparticles using precipitation in microemulsions for ferrofluid applications. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 289, 32–35 (2005)
S.B. Somvanshi et al., Influential diamagnetic magnesium (Mg2+) ion substitution in nano-spinel zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4): thermal, structural, spectral, optical and physisorption analysis. Ceram. Int. 46(7), 8640–8650 (2020)
D. Andhare et al., Structural and chemical properties of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles synthesised by chemical co-precipitation technique. J. Phys. 1644, 012014 (2020)
P.B. Kharat, S.B. Somvanshi, K. Jadhav, Multifunctional magnetic nano-platforms for advanced biomedical applications: a brief review. J. Phys. 1644, 012036 (2020)
M. Abdellatif, G. El-Komy, A. Azab, Magnetic characterization of rare earth doped spinel ferrite. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 442, 445–452 (2017)
E.R. Kumar et al., Structural, dielectric and gas sensing behavior of Mn substituted spinel MFe2O4 (M = Zn, Cu, Ni, and Co) ferrite nanoparticles. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 398, 281–288 (2016)
V.J. Angadi et al., Structural, electrical and magnetic properties of Sc3+ doped Mn-Zn ferrite nanoparticles. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 424, 1–11 (2017)
B. Patil, R. Kokate, Synthesis and design of magnetic parameters by Ti doping in cobalt ferrite nanoparticles for nanoelectronics applications. Proc. Manuf. 20, 147–153 (2018)
W.W. Lukens et al., Incorporation of technetium into spinel ferrites. Environ. Sci. Technol. 50(23), 13160–13168 (2016)
Y. Gao et al., Electromagnetic and microwave absorption properties of Ti doped Li–Zn ferrites. J. Alloy Compd. 805, 934–941 (2019)
C.R. Vestal, Z.J. Zhang, Effects of surface coordination chemistry on the magnetic properties of MnFe2O4 spinel ferrite nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125(32), 9828–9833 (2003)
K.K. Kefeni, B.B. Mamba, T.A. Msagati, Application of spinel ferrite nanoparticles in water and wastewater treatment: a review. Sep. Purif. Technol. 188, 399–422 (2017)
W. Hu et al., Opportunity of spinel ferrite materials in nonvolatile memory device applications based on their resistive switching performances. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134(36), 14658–14661 (2012)
S.R. Patade et al., Self-heating evaluation of superparamagnetic MnFe2O4 nanoparticles for magnetic fluid hyperthermia application towards cancer treatment. Ceram. Int. 46(16), 25576–25583 (2020)
S.B. Kale, et al. Enhancement in surface area and magnetization of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery application, in AIP Conference Proceedings, AIP Publishing LLC, 2018
R.M. Borade et al., Spinel zinc ferrite nanoparticles: an active nanocatalyst for microwave irradiated solvent free synthesis of chalcones. Mater. Res. Express 7(1), 016116 (2020)
S.R. Patade et al., Preparation and characterisations of magnetic nanofluid of zinc ferrite for hyperthermia. Nanomater. Energy 9, 8–13 (2020)
P.B. Kharat et al., Induction heating analysis of surface-functionalized nanoscale CoFe2O4 for magnetic fluid hyperthermia toward noninvasive cancer treatment. ACS Omega 5(36), 23378–23384 (2020)
S.B. Somvanshi et al., Hyperthermic evaluation of oleic acid coated nano-spinel magnesium ferrite: enhancement via hydrophobic-to-hydrophilic surface transformation. J. Alloys Compd. 835, 155422 (2020)
H. Kardile et al., Effect of Cd2+ doping on structural, morphological, optical, magnetic and wettability properties of nickel ferrite thin films. Optik 207, 164462 (2020)
S.B. Somvanshi et al., Investigations of structural, magnetic and induction heating properties of surface functionalized zinc ferrite nanoparticles for hyperthermia applications, in AIP Conference Proceedings, AIP Publishing LLC, 2019
V. Sudheesh et al., Synthesis of nanocrystalline spinel ferrite (MFe2O4, M = Zn and Mg) by solution combustion method: influence of fuel to oxidizer ratio. J. Alloy Compd. 742, 577–586 (2018)
A. Salunkhe et al., Combustion synthesis of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles—influence of fuel to oxidizer ratio. J. Alloy Compd. 514, 91–96 (2012)
H. Waqas, A. Qureshi, Influence of pH on nanosized Mn–Zn ferrite synthesized by sol–gel auto combustion process. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 98(2), 355–360 (2009)
A. Goktas, I. Mutlu, A. Kawashi, Growth and characterization of La1−xAxMnO3 (A = Ag and K, x= 0.33) epitaxial and polycrystalline manganite thin films derived by sol–gel dip-coating technique. Thin Solid Films 520(19), 6138–6144 (2012)
S.A. Jadhav et al., Magneto-structural and photocatalytic behavior of mixed Ni–Zn nano-spinel ferrites: visible light-enabled active photodegradation of rhodamine B. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 31, 11352–11365 (2020)
V. Bharati et al., Influence of trivalent Al–Cr co-substitution on the structural, morphological and Mössbauer properties of nickel ferrite nanoparticles. J. Alloy Compd. 821, 153501 (2020)
A.V. Humbe et al., Cation distribution, magnetic and hyperfine interaction studies of Ni–Zn spinel ferrites: role of Jahn Teller ion (Cu2+) substitution. Mater. Adv. 1(4), 880–890 (2020)
A. Rahman et al., Fabrication of Ce3+ substituted nickel ferrite-reduced graphene oxide heterojunction with high photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation. J. Hazard. Mater. 394, 122593 (2020)
V. Manikandan et al., Fabrication of tin substituted nickel ferrite (Sn-NiFe2O4) thin film and its application as opto-electronic humidity sensor. Sens. Actuators A 272, 267–273 (2018)
F.A. Wahaab, L.L. Adebayo, Electromagnetic properties of Cr-substituted nickel ferrite nanoparticles and their microwave absorption performance. Ceram. Int. 46(18), 28506–28513 (2020)
V. Manikandan et al., Structural, dielectric and enhanced soft magnetic properties of lithium (Li) substituted nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanoparticles. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 465, 634–639 (2018)
M. Ahmed, K. Rady, M. Shams, Enhancement of electric and magnetic properties of Mn–Zn ferrite by Ni–Ti ions substitution. J. Alloy Compd. 622, 269–275 (2015)
A. Goktas et al., Enhancing crystalline/optical quality, and photoluminescence properties of the Na and Sn substituted ZnS thin films for optoelectronic and solar cell applications; a comparative study. Opt. Mater. 107, 110073 (2020)
B. Ünal et al., Microwave, dielectric and magnetic properties of Mg–Ti substituted Ni–Zn ferrite nanoparticles. Ceram. Int. 42(15), 17317–17331 (2016)
S.C. Mazumdar et al., Effect of Ti4+ doping on structural, electrical and magnetic properties of Ni0.4Cu0.2Zn0.4Fe2–xTixO4 ferrites. Mater. Sci. Appl. 10(12), 733 (2019)
R. Rathi, R. Neogi, Structural, electric and magnetic properties of titanium doped Ni-Cu-Zn ferrite. Mater. Today 3(6), 2437–2442 (2016)
Y. Guo et al., A facile spray pyrolysis method to prepare Ti-doped ZnFe2O4 for boosting photoelectrochemical water splitting. J. Mater. Chem. A 5(16), 7571–7577 (2017)
K.P. Chae et al., Magnetic properties of Ti-doped ultrafine CoFe2O4 powder grown by the sol gel method. Hyperfine Interact. 136(1–2), 65–72 (2001)
P. Chand, R.C. Srivastava, A. Upadhyay, Magnetic study of Ti-substituted NiFe2O4 ferrite. J. Alloy Compd. 460(1–2), 108–114 (2008)
Y. Du et al., Valence of Ti cations and its effect on magnetic properties of spinel ferrites TixM1–xFe2O4 (M = Co, Mn). RSC Adv. 8(1), 302–310 (2018)
P. Hankare et al., Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline Ti-substituted Zn ferrite. J. Alloy Compd. 509(5), 2160–2163 (2011)
B. Ramesh et al., Influence of Zr/Ti on dielectric behaviour of Mn-Zn ferrites. J. Magn. Soc. Jpn. 22, S1_29 (1998)
L.-Z. Li et al., Effects of Ce substitution on the structural and electromagnetic properties of NiZn ferrite. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 475, 1–4 (2019)
L.-Z. Li et al., Structural and magnetic properties of Mg-substituted NiZnCo ferrite nanopowders. Ceram. Int. 40(9), 13917–13921 (2014)
F. Önal et al., Structure and magnetization of polycrystalline La0.66Ca0.33MnO3 and La0.66Ba0.33MnO3 films prepared using sol-gel technique. J. Supercond. Novel Magn. 31, 12 (2018)
Y. Köseoğlu et al., Low temperature hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of Mn doped cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. Ceram. Int. 38(5), 3625–3634 (2012)
N. Somaiah et al., Magnetic and magnetoelastic properties of Zn-doped cobalt-ferrites—CoFe2−xZnxO4 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3). J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 324(14), 2286–2291 (2012)
T. Poudel et al., The effect of gadolinium substitution in inverse spinel nickel ferrite: structural, Magnetic, and Mössbauer study. J. Alloy Compd. 802, 609–619 (2019)
I. Sharifi, H. Shokrollahi, Structural, magnetic and Mössbauer evaluation of Mn substituted Co–Zn ferrite nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation. J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 334, 36–40 (2013)
S.B. Khan, S. Irfan, S.-L. Lee, Influence of Zn+2 doping on Ni-based nanoferrites; (Ni1−xZnxFe2O4). Nanomaterials 9(7), 1024 (2019)
A. Goktas et al., Physical properties of solution processable n-type Fe and Al co-doped ZnO nanostructured thin films: role of Al doping levels and annealing. Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 75, 221–233 (2018)
A. Goktas, F. Aslan, I.H. Mutlu, Annealing effect on the characteristics of La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 polycrystalline thin films produced by the sol–gel dip-coating process. J. Mater. Sci. 23(2), 605–611 (2012)
A.R. Chavan et al., Influence of trivalent Cr ion substitution on the physicochemical, optical, electrical, and dielectric properties of sprayed NiFe2O4 spinel-magnetic thin films. RSC Adv. 10(42), 25143–25154 (2020)
Acknowledgements
One of the authors Mr. B. A. Patil is thankful to Dr. Mahaveer Singh, Department of Physics, Himachal Pradesh University, Himachal and Dr. R. S. Shinde, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT), Indore for providing Mossbauer Spectroscopy facility and Dielectric measurement facility, respectively.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Patil, B.A., Kounsalye, J.S., Humbe, A.V. et al. Structural, magnetic, dielectric and hyperfine interaction studies of titanium (Ti4+)-substituted nickel ferrite (Ni1+xTixFe2−2xO4) nanoparticles. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 4556–4567 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-05197-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-05197-3