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Structural, dielectric and electrocaloric properties of (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Ti0.9Zr0.1−xSnx)O3 ceramics elaborated by sol–gel method

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Abstract

Ferroelectric ceramics (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Ti0.9Zr0.1−xSnx)O3 (x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06) were elaborated by sol–gel method. Structural investigation revealed co-existence of tetragonal (P4mm) and orthorhombic (Pmm2) symmetries at room temperature for the undoped ceramic, while only a tetragonal structure (P4mm) was observed for the doped ceramics. Dielectric measurements indicate a dielectric relaxation process at high temperatures which is essentially related to the hopping of oxygen vacancies \({\text{V}}_{\ddot{O}}\). Furthermore, a down shifting of the Curie temperature (TC) with increasing Sn4+ doping rate has been revealed. The temperature profiles of the Raman spectra unveiled the existence of polar nanoregions above the Curie temperature in all ceramics. The ferroelectric properties were found to be related to the microstructure. Electrocaloric effect was investigated in this system that revealed an electrocaloric responsivity of 0.225 × 10−6 K m/V for the composition with x = 0.04 Sn doping, where other remarkable physical properties were also observed.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of CNRST Priority Program PPR 15/2015 and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program ENGIMA under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No 778072. I.R. acknowledges the support from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation via the Project 3.1649.2017/4.6. B.R. and Z.K. acknowledge support from Slovenian Research Agency Project J1-9147 and Program P1-0125.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de la Matière Condensée et Nanostructures (LMCN), F.S.T.G. Université Cadi Ayyad, BP 549, Marrakech, Morocco

    S. Belkhadir, A. Neqali, M. Amjoud, D. Mezzane, A. Alimoussa & E. Choukri

  2. Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (LPMC), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039, Amiens Cedex, France

    Y. Gagou, M. El Marssi & Igor A. Luk’yanchuk

  3. Research Institute of Physics and Faculty of Physics, Southern Federal University, 194 Stachki Ave., Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 344090

    I. Raevski

  4. Laboratory for Calorimetry and Dielectric Spectroscopy, Condensed Matter Physics Department, Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    B. Rožič & Z. Kutnjak

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  1. S. Belkhadir
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Belkhadir, S., Neqali, A., Amjoud, M. et al. Structural, dielectric and electrocaloric properties of (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Ti0.9Zr0.1−xSnx)O3 ceramics elaborated by sol–gel method. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 30, 14099–14111 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-019-01776-1

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