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One-step synthesis of chitin-derived nitrogen-rich porous carbon fiber assisted with ammonium chloride chemical blowing for supercapacitors

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Abstract

Rich nitrogen-doped porous carbon fiber (NC–NH4Cl) was successfully prepared from chitin via environmentally friendly simple pyrolysis supplemented with ammonium chloride as a recyclable porogen and nitrogen source. Compared with NH4HCO3 and (NH4)2SO4, NH4Cl proved to be the most effective porogen and nitrogen dopant for chitin. The as-made NC–NH4Cl exhibited a 3D architecture formed by numerous intertwined microfibrils with a hierarchical micro/mesoporous structure. Moreover, NC–NH4Cl possessed a high nitrogen content of 10.0 at.%, and about 70% of the nitrogen was in the form of pyridinic-N and pyrrolic-N. The NC–NH4Cl electrode could deliver superior specific capacitance of 284 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1, as well as favorable rate performance (ca. 66.3% retention as the current density rose from 0.5 to 20 A g−1) and long cycle life (ca. 96.9% maintained after 5000 cycles) in a three-electrode configuration. The assembled NC–NH4Cl-based symmetric capacitor presented a desirable energy density of 16.67 Wh kg−1 at 1 A g−1. The results suggest that NC–NH4Cl is a promising candidate for supercapacitors.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 21406044) and the Zhejiang Province Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant No. LQ17B060006).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, People’s Republic of China

    Jie Zhou, Li Bao, Shengji Wu, Wei Yang & Hui Wang

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  1. Jie Zhou
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  2. Li Bao
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  3. Shengji Wu
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  4. Wei Yang
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  5. Hui Wang
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Correspondence to Jie Zhou.

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Zhou, J., Bao, L., Wu, S. et al. One-step synthesis of chitin-derived nitrogen-rich porous carbon fiber assisted with ammonium chloride chemical blowing for supercapacitors. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 29, 12340–12350 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-9347-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-9347-y

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