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Size effects on the interfacial reaction and microstructural evolution of Sn-ball/Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu-paste/Cu joints in board-level hybrid BGA interconnection at critical reflowing temperature

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Abstract

The effects of solder joint size on the interfacial reaction and microstructural evolution of Sn-ball/Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu-paste/Cu joints in board-level hybrid BGA interconnection during reflow at two critical temperatures of 217.2 and 227.0 °C were investigated comprehensively. For the joints reflowed at 217.2 °C, which is slightly higher than the melting point (217.1 °C) of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu solder, the Sn ball does not melt, but coalesces with the melted Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu paste, regardless of change in solder joint size, and the microstructure of the mixed part of the Sn ball and Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu paste does not change significantly. In contrast, for the joints reflowed at 227.0 °C, which is nearly 5 °C lower than the melting point (231.9 °C) of Sn ball, with decrease in joint size, the Sn ball exhibits premelting behavior gradually, and the microstructure of the mixed part of the Sn ball and Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu paste varies obviously. The thickness of the Cu6Sn5 layer at the Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu-paste/Cu interface increases with decrease in size of joints reflowed at 217.2 and 227.0 °C, and the growth of the interfacial Cu6Sn5 is significantly influenced by Cu concentration distribution near the interface between the solder and intermetallic compound layer in the molten solder. The experimental data and two-dimensional finite element simulation results indicate that the Cu concentration in small joints increases faster than that in large ones, and the relatively long time influence of high Cu concentration in the small joints leads to the formation of large Cu6Sn5 grains at the interface.

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Acknowledgements

This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 51405162 and 51775195, the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province under Grant Nos. 2014A010105023 and 2016A010103010, and Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities (SCUT-2017ZD038).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    J. Q. Huang, M. B. Zhou, S. B. Liang & X. P. Zhang

  2. Guangdong Provincial Engineering R&D Center of Electronic Packaging Materials and Reliability, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China

    J. Q. Huang, S. B. Liang & X. P. Zhang

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  1. J. Q. Huang
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  2. M. B. Zhou
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  3. S. B. Liang
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Correspondence to M. B. Zhou or X. P. Zhang.

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Huang, J.Q., Zhou, M.B., Liang, S.B. et al. Size effects on the interfacial reaction and microstructural evolution of Sn-ball/Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu-paste/Cu joints in board-level hybrid BGA interconnection at critical reflowing temperature. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 29, 7651–7660 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-8758-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-018-8758-0

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