Abstract
This paper describes nonlinear dielectric composite passive components on flexible metallic substrates for transient protection of electronic devices, most notably against electrostatic discharge (ESD) and electrical overstress (EOS) conditions. In this case, the passive device comprises a polymer composite that contains nonlinear inorganic fillers, an electric field switchable dielectric ceramic Calcium Copper Titanate (CaCu3Ti4O12, CCT), in a metal insulator metal (MIM) configuration. Compatibility with PCB (printed circuit board) in line processing is demonstrated since the fabrication process described is a relatively low temperature process. Advantageously, the construction of such components are such that they can be embedded within a PCB (printed circuit board), thereby allowing miniaturization of the circuit design and can potentially be adopted in an industrial roll to roll manufacturing process. The dielectric characteristics of the CCT filler polymer composites are compared with well-known high dielectric constant Barium Titanate filler polymer composites for capacitor applications. Theoretical models based on effective medium theory are used to predict the dielectric properties of the CCT epoxy composites as a function of filler loading fractions. Maxwell Garnett model was found to provide the best fit to experimental data.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Y. Rao, S. Ogitani, P. Kohl, C.P. Wong, J. Appl. Polym. Sci 83, 1084 (2001)
J.P. Maria, K. Cheek, S. Streiffer, S.H. Kim, G. Dunn, A. Kingon, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 84(10), 2436 (2001)
S. Liang, S.R. Chong, E.P. Giannelis, Proceedings of the 48th Electronic Components and Technology Conference. p. 171 (1998)
J.S. Peiffer, Proc. of IPC Expo. p. 2231 (2009)
J.S. Peiffer, Proc. of IPC Expo, p. 1087 (2007)
D. Ghosh, S.P. Maki, C. Lyons, S.D. Theiss, R.R. Owings, IEEE Trans. Compon. Packag. Manuf. Technol. 6, 941 (2016)
C. Duvvury, A. Amerasekera, Proc. IEEE 81(5), 690 (1993)
E.J Harris, T. Vyas, T. Pachla, J.A. Colby, “Direct application voltage variable material, devices employing same and methods of manufacturing such devices”, US Patent 7183891 B2 (2007)
L. Kosowsky, “Methods for fabricating current-carrying structures using voltage switchable dielectric materials”, US Patent 8117743 B2 (2012)
D. Ghosh, G. Jiang, R. Yang, “Composite diode, electronic device, and methods of making the same”, US Patent 20130240860 A1 (2013)
J.F Ihlefeld, J.P Maria, W. Borland, J. Mater. Res. 20(10), 2838 (2005)
J. Nath, D. Ghosh, J.-P. Maria, A.I. Kingon, W. Fathelbab, P.D. Franzon, M.B. Steer, IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 53(9), 2707 (2005)
T. Dechakupt, S.W. Ko, S.G. Lu, C.A. Randall, S.T. McKinstry, J. Mater. Sci. 46(1), 136 (2011)
D. Ghosh, B. Laughlin, J. Nath, A.I. Kingon, M.B. Steer, J.-P. Maria, Thin Solid Films 496(2), 669 (2006)
M.A. Subramanian, D. Li, N. Duan, B.A. Reisner, A.W. Sleight, J. Solid State Chem. 151, 323 (2000)
D.C. Sinclair, T.B. Adams, F.D. Morrison, A.R. West, Appl. Phys. Lett. 80, 2153 (2002)
A.R. West, T.B. Adams, F.D. Morrison, D.C. Sinclair, J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 24, 439 (2004)
M.J. Pan, B.A. Bender, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 88(9), 2611 (2005)
M.S.D. Satia, N. Arshad, N. Jaafar, J. Mater. Sci. 26(10), 8118 (2015)
S.Y. Chung, I.D. Kim, S.J.L. Kang, Nat. Mater. 3, 774 (2004)
D. Ghosh, K. Budd, N. Somasiri, G. Jiang, B. Givot, “Compositions having non-linear current-voltage characteristics”, US Patent 8435427 B2, (2013)
A. Biswas, I.S. Bayer, P.C. Karulkar, A. Tripathi, D.K. Avasthi, M.G. NortonSzczech, J.B. Szczech, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(21), 212902 (2007)
E.Q. Huang, J. Zhao, J.W. Zha, L. Zhang, R. J Liao, Z.M. Dang, J. Appl. Phys. 115(19), 194102 (2014)
K. Wakino, T. Okada, N. Yoshida, K. Tomono, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 76, 2588 (1993)
J.E. Spanier, I.P. Herman, Phys. Rev. B 61(15), 10437 (2000)
N. Jayasundere, B.V. Smith, J. Appl. Phys. 73, 2462 (1993)
Y. Rao, J. Qu, T. Marinis, C.P Wong, IEEE Trans. Compon. Packag. Manuf. Technol. 23, 4 (2000)
Acknowledgements
The author would like to acknowledge useful discussions with Rui Yang and Grace Jiang and would like to thank Myles Brostrom for XRD and Jeff Payne for SEM.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ghosh, D. Embedded nonlinear passive components on flexible substrates for microelectronics applications. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 28, 11550–11556 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-6954-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-6954-y