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On the use of non-MPB lead zirconium titanate (PZT) granules for piezoelectric ceramic–polymer sensorial composites

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Abstract

Modern flexible and sensitive sensors based on polymer–ceramic composites employ lead zirconate titanate (PZT) granulates having the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) composition as the piezo active ingredient, as this composition gives the best properties in fully ceramic piezoelectric sensors. In this study, the possibility of using PZT granulates with compositions, which are not in the MPB region of the PZT phase diagram was investigated. Random 0–3 PZT–epoxy composites were prepared for the complete composition range of PZT ceramics [Pb(ZrxTi(1−x))0.99Nb0.01O3] with x ranging from x = 0 to x = 0.80. Piezoelectric and dielectric properties of such composites were systematically studied. It is shown that the highest voltage sensitivity (i.e. g33) of the piezoelectric composites is obtained for composition with much lower Zr levels (x < 0.1) than the MPB composition. The shift in optimal composition is related to shift in dielectric constant of PZT as a function of the Zr concentration.

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Acknowledgments

This work was financially supported by the Smartmix funding program (Grant No. SMVA06071), as part of the “Smart systems based on integrated Piezo” program. The authors gratefully acknowledge the technical support provided by Dr. I. Katsouras of the Max-Planck Institute for Polymer Research at Mainz for the hysteresis loop measurements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Novel Aerospace Materials Group, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Kluyverweg 1, 2629 HS, Delft, The Netherlands

    Amal Shaji Karapuzha, Nijesh Kunnamkuzhakkal James, Sybrand van der Zwaag & Wilhelm Albert Groen

  2. Holst Centre, TNO, High Tech Campus 31, 5605 KN, Eindhoven, The Netherlands

    Wilhelm Albert Groen

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  1. Amal Shaji Karapuzha
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  2. Nijesh Kunnamkuzhakkal James
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  3. Sybrand van der Zwaag
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  4. Wilhelm Albert Groen
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Correspondence to Amal Shaji Karapuzha.

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Shaji Karapuzha, A., Kunnamkuzhakkal James, N., van der Zwaag, S. et al. On the use of non-MPB lead zirconium titanate (PZT) granules for piezoelectric ceramic–polymer sensorial composites. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 27, 9683–9689 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-5029-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-5029-9

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