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Heteroatom-doped hierarchically porous carbons derived from cucumber stem as high-performance anodes for sodium-ion batteries

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Abstract

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are regarded as one of the most promising alternatives to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for large-scale energy stationary applications due to the abundant reserve of sodium. However, it is still challenging to develop low-cost and high-performance anode materials for SIBs. Herein, heteroatom-doped hard carbons with hierarchically porous and disordered structures are prepared via pyrolysis of natural biomass cucumber stem. The electrochemical performances of the biomass carbon are significantly influenced by the carbonization temperatures due to the different microstructures and heteroatomic contents. The biomass carbon carbonized at 1000 °C delivers the highest reversible capacity of 337.9 mAh g−1 while used as the anode material for SIBs. Furthermore, the biomass carbon achieves a sheet-like morphology with macroscopically open structure after the hydrothermal activation of KOH. It is worth noting that the activated carbon exhibits a high reversible capacity (458.6 mAh g−1), an excellent rate capability (102.6 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1) and a cycling stability (198.6 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 over 500 cycles). The enhanced electrochemical properties of the activated carbon can be attributed to the larger surface area and highly developed nanopores, which could significantly facilitate the transport and storage of sodium ions.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of this research by Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province (No. 2018JMRH0302), Science and Technology Development Plan of Weifang (No. 2018GX064), Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program (No. 2018LS001) and Doctoral Fund Project of Weifang University of Science and Technology (No. 2017BS07).

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  1. Shandong Peninsula Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Brine Utilization, Weifang University of Science and Technology, Shouguang, 262700, People’s Republic of China

    Chengjie Li, Jianye Li, Yingchao Zhang, Xin Cui, Haibo Lei & Guofu Li

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  1. Chengjie Li
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Li, C., Li, J., Zhang, Y. et al. Heteroatom-doped hierarchically porous carbons derived from cucumber stem as high-performance anodes for sodium-ion batteries. J Mater Sci 54, 5641–5657 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-03229-2

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