Abstract
Tamoxifen (TMX), a class II antiestrogen drug consistent with the biopharmaceutical classification system, shows low plasma levels leading to therapeutic failure as a result of poor aqueous solubility. Complexation with multifunctional excipients cyclodextrins (CDs) is an effective technique to increase the bioavailability of low water-soluble drugs in oral dosage forms. In this study, solid complexes were obtained with three cyclodextrins (methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (M-β-CD), hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and sulfobutyl ether β-cyclodextrin (SBE7-β-CD)) using co-lyophilization or kneading methods. Physicochemical characterization of solid complexes were performed by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The obtained results demonstrated that co-lyophilization method comprises stable inclusion complexes between TMX and cyclodextrins. Dissolution study exhibited that aqueous solubility of TMX was significantly enhanced by complexation with methyl-beta-CD. Consequently, tablet formulation using co-lyophilized complex of TMX and M-β-CD (1:1) with drug dose equivalent to 10 mg was prepared by direct compression method. 99% drug was released from the formulation at the end of 30 min. From the comparative results of dissolution study, it was found that the prepared formulation showed better release properties than commercial TMX tablets. Animal studies were performed with tablet formulation of TMX:M-β-CD and commercial tablet formulation administered to Sprague–Dawley rats by oral gavage. Peak concentration (Cmax) of tablet formulation containing TMX/M-β-CD inclusion complex in mice was efficaciously enhanced twofold over commercial tablet. In conclusion, complexation of TMX with M-β-CD gives a more effective tablet formulation with improved dissolution and enhanced oral bioavailability which can be promising for the formulation of tamoxifen.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Buchanan, C.M., Buchanan, N.L., Edgar, K.J., Little, J.L., Malcolm, M.O., Ruble, K.M., et al.: Pharmacokinetics of tamoxifen after intravenous and oral dosing of tamoxifen-hydroxybutenyl-beta-cyclodextrin formulations. J. Pharm. Sci. 96(3), 644–660 (2007)
Park, W.C., Jordan, V.C.: Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS) and their roles in breast cancer prevention. Trends Mol. Med. 8(2), 82–88 (2002)
Jain, S., Heeralal, B., Swami, R., Swarnakar, N.K., Kushwah, V.: Improved oral bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy, and reduced toxicity of tamoxifen-loaded liquid crystalline nanoparticles. AAPS PharmSciTech 19(1), 460–469 (2018)
Hard, G.C., Iatropoulos, M.J., Jordan, K., Radi, L., Kaltenberg, O.P., Imondi, A.R., et al.: Major difference in the hepatocarcinogenicity and DNA adduct forming ability between toremifene and tamoxifen in female Crl-Cd(Br) rats. Cancer Res. 53(19), 4534–4541 (1993)
McVie, J.G., Simonetti, G.P., Stevenson, D., Briggs, R.J., Guelen, P.J., de Vos, D.: The bioavailability of Tamoplex (tamoxifen). Part 1. A pilot study. Methods Find. Exp. Clin. Pharmacol. 8(8), 505–512 (1986)
Shin, S.C., Choi, J.S., Li, X.: Enhanced bioavailability of tamoxifen after oral administration of tamoxifen with quercetin in rats. Int. J. Pharm. 313(1–2), 144–149 (2006)
Elnaggar, Y.S., El-Massik, M.A., Abdallah, O.Y.: Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems of tamoxifen citrate: design and optimization. Int. J. Pharm. 380(1–2), 133–141 (2009)
Layek, B., Mukherjee, B.: Tamoxifen citrate encapsulated sustained release liposomes: preparation and evaluation of physicochemical properties. Sci. Pharm. 78(3), 507–515 (2010)
Beig, A., Agbaria, R., Dahan, A.: Oral delivery of lipophilic drugs: the tradeoff between solubility increase and permeability decrease when using cyclodextrin-based formulations. PLoS ONE 8(7), e68237 (2013)
Shete, H.K., Selkar, N., Vanage, G.R., Patravale, V.B.: Tamoxifen nanostructured lipid carriers: enhanced in vivo antitumor efficacy with reduced adverse drug effects. Int. J. Pharm. 468(1–2), 1–14 (2014)
Jena, S.K., Singh, C., Dora, C.P., Suresh, S.: Development of tamoxifen-phospholipid complex: novel approach for improving solubility and bioavailability. Int. J. Pharm. 473(1–2), 1–9 (2014)
Kawabata, Y., Wada, K., Nakatani, M., Yamada, S., Onoue, S.: Formulation design for poorly water-soluble drugs based on biopharmaceutics classification system: basic approaches and practical applications. Int. J. Pharm. 420(1), 1–10 (2011)
Desai, S., Poddar, A., Sawant, K.: Formulation of cyclodextrin inclusion complex-based orally disintegrating tablet of eslicarbazepine acetate for improved oral bioavailability. Mater. Sci. Eng. C 58, 826–834 (2016)
Torne, S., Darandale, S., Vavia, P., Trotta, F., Cavalli, R.: Cyclodextrin-based nanosponges: effective nanocarrier for tamoxifen delivery. Pharm. Dev. Technol. 18(3), 619–625 (2013)
Piao, H., Yang, L., Piao, H., Wang, P., Shi, H., Fang, L., et al.: A pre-formulation study of a polymeric solid dispersion of paclitaxel prepared using a quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion method to improve the oral bioavailability in rats. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 42(3), 353–363 (2016)
Rumondor, A.C., Dhareshwar, S.S., Kesisoglou, F.: Amorphous solid dispersions or prodrugs: complementary strategies to increase drug absorption. J. Pharm. Sci. 105(9), 2498–2508 (2016)
Junyaprasert, V.B., Morakul, B.: Nanocrystals for enhancement of oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Asian J. Pharm. Sci. 10(1), 13–23 (2015)
Dehghani, F., Farhadian, N., Golmohammadzadeh, S., Biriaee, A., Ebrahimi, M., Karimi, M.: Preparation, characterization and in vivo evaluation of microemulsions containing tamoxifen citrate anti-cancer drug. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 96, 479–489 (2017)
Chowdhury, N., Vhora, I., Patel, K., Bagde, A., Kutlehria, S., Singh, M.: Development of hot melt extruded solid dispersion of tamoxifen citrate and resveratrol for synergistic effects on breast cancer cells. AAPS PharmSciTech 19(2), 792–802 (2018)
Davis, M.E., Brewster, M.E.: Cyclodextrin-based pharmaceutics: past, present and future. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 3(12), 1023–1035 (2004)
Shukla, J., Sharma, U., Kar, R., Varma, I.K., Juyal, S., Jagannathan, N.R., et al.: Tamoxifen-2-hydroxylpropyl-beta-cyclodextrin-aggregated nanoassembly for nonbreast estrogen-receptor-positive cancer therapy. Nanomedicine 4(8), 895–902 (2009)
Shangguan, L.Q., Chen, Q., Shi, B.B., Huang, F.H.: Enhancing the solubility and bioactivity of anticancer drug tamoxifen by water-soluble pillar[6]arene-based host-guest complexation. Chem. Commun. 53(70), 9749–9752 (2017)
Loftsson, T., Jarho, P., Masson, M., Jarvinen, T.: Cyclodextrins in drug delivery. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 2(2), 335–351 (2005)
Singh, A., Worku, Z.A., Van den Mooter, G.: Oral formulation strategies to improve solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 8(10), 1361–1378 (2011)
Gidwani, B., Vyas, A.: A comprehensive review on cyclodextrin-based carriers for delivery of chemotherapeutic cytotoxic anticancer drugs. Biomed. Res. Int. 2015, 198268 (2015)
Zhang, X., Zhang, T., Lan, Y., Wu, B., Shi, Z.: Nanosuspensions containing oridonin/HP-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes for oral bioavailability enhancement via improved dissolution and permeability. AAPS PharmSciTech 17(2), 400–408 (2016)
Yao, Y., Xie, Y., Hong, C., Li, G., Shen, H., Ji, G.: Development of a myricetin/hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complex: preparation, characterization, and evaluation. Carbohydr. Polym. 110, 329–337 (2014)
Bilensoy, E., Dogan, L., Sen, M., Hincal, A.: Complexation behavior of antiestrogen drug tamoxifen citrate with natural and modified beta-cyclodextrins. J. Incl. Phenom. Macrocycl. 57(1–4), 651–655 (2007)
Gjerde, J., Kisanga, E.R., Hauglid, M., Holm, P.I., Mellgren, G., Lien, E.A.: Identification and quantification of tamoxifen and four metabolites in serum by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1082(1), 6–14 (2005)
Patel, H.M., Suhagia, B.N., Shah, S.A., Rathod, I.S., Parmar, V.K.: Preparation and characterization of etoricoxib-beta-cyclodextrin complexes prepared by the kneading method. Acta Pharm. 57(3), 351–359 (2007)
Sapkal, N.P., Kilor, V.A., Bhusari, K.P., Daud, A.S.: Evaluation of some methods for preparing gliclazide beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes. Trop. J. Pharm. Res. 6(4), 833–840 (2007)
Shaker, D.S., Shaker, M.A., Hanafy, M.S.: Cellular uptake, cytotoxicity and in vivo evaluation of Tamoxifen citrate loaded niosomes. Int. J. Pharm. 493(1–2), 285–294 (2015)
Challa, R., Ahuja, A., Ali, J., Khar, R.K.: Cyclodextrins in drug delivery: an updated review. AAPS PharmSciTech 6(2), E329–E357 (2005)
Fenyvesi, E., Szeman, J., Csabai, K., Malanga, M., Szente, L.: Methyl-beta-cyclodextrins: the role of number and types of substituents in solubilizing power. J. Pharm. Sci. 103(5), 1443–1452 (2014)
Aloisio, C., Longhi, M.: Diloxanide furoate binary complexes with beta-, methyl-beta-, and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins: inclusion mode, characterization in solution and in solid state and in vitro dissolution studies. Pharm. Dev. Technol. 23(7), 723–731 (2018)
de Freitas, M.R., Rolim, L.A., Soares, M.F.D., Rolim-Neto, P.J., de Albuquerque, M.M., Soares-Sobrinho, J.L.: Inclusion complex of methyl-beta-cyclodextrin and olanzapine as potential drug delivery system for schizophrenia. Carbohydr. Polym. 89(4), 1095–1100 (2012)
Rudrangi, S.R., Trivedi, V., Mitchell, J.C., Wicks, S.R., Alexander, B.D.: Preparation of olanzapine and methyl-beta-cyclodextrin complexes using a single-step, organic solvent-free supercritical fluid process: an approach to enhance the solubility and dissolution properties. Int. J. Pharm. 494(1), 408–416 (2015)
Rudrangi, S.R., Bhomia, R., Trivedi, V., Vine, G.J., Mitchell, J.C., Alexander, B.D., et al.: Influence of the preparation method on the physicochemical properties of indomethacin and methyl-beta-cyclodextrin complexes. Int. J. Pharm. 479(2), 381–390 (2015)
Zia, V., Rajewski, R.A., Stella, V.J.: Effect of cyclodextrin charge on complexation of neutral and charged substrates: comparison of (SBE)7 M-beta-CD to HP-beta-CD. Pharm. Res. 18(5), 667–673 (2001)
Másson, M., Loftsson, T., Jónsdóttir, S., Fridriksdóttir, H., Petersen, D.S.: Stabilisation of ionic drugs through complexation with non-ionic and ionic cyclodextrins. Int. J. Pharm. 164(1–2), 45–55 (1998)
Conceição, J., Adeoye, O., Cabral-Marques, H.M., Lobo, J.M.S.: Cyclodextrins as excipients in tablet formulations. Drug Discov. Today 23(6), 1274–1284 (2018)
Sharma, N., Baldi, A.: Exploring versatile applications of cyclodextrins: an overview. Drug Deliv. 23(3), 739–757 (2016)
Marzo, A.: Crossover design in tamoxifen bioequivalence: a borderline situation. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 50(12), 1433–1434 (1998)
Marzo, A., Fibbioli, M., Marone, C., Cerutti, B.: The degree of predictivity in pilot studies on six subjects in bioequivalence trials. Pharmacol. Res. 49(3), 283–286 (2004)
Adeoye, O., Cabral-Marques, H.: Cyclodextrin nanosystems in oral drug delivery: a mini review. Int. J. Pharm. 531(2), 521–531 (2017)
Irie, T., Uekama, K.: Pharmaceutical applications of cyclodextrins. III. Toxicological issues and safety evaluation. J. Pharm. Sci. 86(2), 147–162 (1997)
Calleja, P., Huarte, J., Agueros, M., Ruiz-Gaton, L., Espuelas, S., Irache, J.M.: Molecular buckets: cyclodextrins for oral cancer therapy. Ther. Deliv. 3(1), 43–57 (2012)
Thompson, D.O.: Cyclodextrins—enabling excipients: their present and future use in pharmaceuticals. Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst. 14(1), 1–104 (1997)
Sajeesh, S., Bouchemal, K., Marsaud, V., Vauthier, C., Sharma, C.P.: Cyclodextrin complexed insulin encapsulated hydrogel microparticles: an oral delivery system for insulin. J. Controll. Release 147(3), 377–384 (2010)
Boulmedarat, L., Piel, G., Bochot, A., Lesieur, S., Delattre, L., Fattal, E.: Cyclodextrin-mediated drug release from liposomes dispersed within a bioadhesive gel. Pharm. Res. 22(6), 962–971 (2005)
Mohammad, N., Malvi, P., Meena, A.S., Singh, S.V., Chaube, B., Vannuruswamy, G., et al.: Cholesterol depletion by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin augments tamoxifen induced cell death by enhancing its uptake in melanoma. Mol. Cancer 13, 204 (2014)
Acknowledgements
Alper B. Iskit has been supported by the Turkish Academy of Sciences, in the framework of the Young Scientist Award Program (EA-TUBA-GEBIP/2001-2-11).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Erdoğar, N., Nemutlu, E., İskit, A.B. et al. Improved oral bioavailability of anticancer drug tamoxifen through complexation with water soluble cyclodextrins: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 96, 81–91 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10847-019-00952-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10847-019-00952-4