Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Vertical distribution of saproxylic beetles within snag trunks retained in plantation forests

  • ORIGINAL PAPER
  • Published:
Journal of Insect Conservation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Retention of snags (standing dead trees) is considered to have important effects on saproxylic species conservation in plantation forests because snags would provide vertically stratified deadwood habitats. However, the vertical distribution of saproxylic insects within snag trunks is still unclear. We felled 33 naturally occurring snags of Todo fir Abies sachalinensis in plantation forests and extracted insects from 99 logs sampled from three vertical positions of the snag trunks (basal stem: <2.5 m, lower trunk: 2.5–5 m and upper trunk: >5 m). The mean number of species that emerged from a single log was only 2.69, but we identified 51 morphospecies of saproxylic beetles in total. The total number of species that emerged from the basal stem (34 spp.) was greater than those that emerged from the lower trunk (25 spp.) or the upper trunk (30 spp.). However, rarefaction-extrapolation analysis did not demonstrate a significant difference in species richness among the log positions. Beetle assemblages were separated into two groups by constrained correspondence analysis; one group emerged only from lower and upper trunk logs, while another emerged mainly from basal stem logs. Additionally, vertical position had a significant effect on the distribution of the five main species. Our results show that beetle assemblages within snags in the plantation forests were highly variable, and retaining a sufficient number of high stumps may be important for saproxylic beetle conservation in plantation forests. We propose ‘retention thinning’ as an appropriate method to combine efficient timber production with biodiversity conservation in plantation forests.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Baranchikov Y, Akulov E, Astapenko S (2010) Bark beetle Polygraphus proximus: a new aggressive far eastern invader on Abies species in Siberia and European Russia. USDA Research Forum on Invasive Species, GTR-NRS-P-75

  • Barlow J, Gardner TA, Araujo IS et al (2007) Quatifying the biodiversity value of tropical primary, secondary, and plantation forests. PNAS 104:18555–18560. doi:10.1073/pnas.0703333104

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Bates D, Maechler M, Bolker B, Walker S (2014) lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using Eigen and S4. R package version 1.1–7. http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lme4

  • Beese WJ, Dunsworth BG, Zielke K, Bancroft B (2003) Maintaining attributes of old-growth forests in coastal B.C. through variable retention. The For Chron 79:570–578

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bremer LL, Farley KA (2010) Does plantation forestry restore biodiversity or create green deserts? A synthesis of the effects of land-use transitions on plant species richness. Biodivers Conserv 19:3893–3915. doi:10.1007/s10531-010-9936-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brunet J, Isacsson G (2009) Influence of snag characteristics on saproxylic beetle assemblages in a south Swedish beech forest. J Insect Conserv 13:515–528. doi:10.1007/s10841-008-9200-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chao A, Gotelli NJ, Hsieh TC, Sander EL, Ma KH, Colwell RK, Ellison AM (2014) Rarefaction and extrapolation with Hill numbers: a framework for sampling and estimation in species diversity studies. Ecol Monogr 84:45–67. doi:10.1890/13-0133.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis JW, Goodwin GA, Ockenfels RA (1983) Snag habitat management. In: Proceedings of the symposium. General Technical Report RM-99, USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins

  • FAO (2000) Global Forest Resources Assessment 2000 Main report. FAO Forestry Paper 140, Rome

  • FAO (2010) Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010 Main report. FAO Forestry Paper 163, Rome

  • Floren A, Müller T, Dittrich M, Weiss M, Linsenmair KE (2014) The influence of tree species, stratum and forest management on beetle assemblages responding to deadwood enrichment. For Ecol Manage 323:57–64. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2014.03.028

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foit J (2010) Distribution of early-arriving saproxylic beetles on standing dead Scots pine trees. Agr For Entomol 12:133–141. doi:10.1111/j.1461-9563.2009.00461.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Franc N, Götmark F, Økland B, Nordén B, Paltto H (2007) Factors and scales potentially important for saproxylic beetles in temperate mixed oak forest. Biol Conserv 135:86–98. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.09.021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gossner MM, Floren A, Weisser WW, Linsenmair KE (2013a) Effect of dead wood enrichment in the canopy and on the forest floor on beetle build composition. For Ecol Manage 302:404–413 doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2013.03.039

  • Gossner MM, Lachat T, Brunet J, Isacsson G, Bouget C, Brustel H, Brandl R, Weisser WW, Müller J (2013b) Current near-to-nature forest management effects on functional trait composition of saproxylic beetles in beech forests. Conserv Biol 27:605–614. doi:10.1111/cobi.12023

  • Hammond HEJ (1997) Arthropod biodiversity from Populus coarse woody material in north-central Alberta: a review of taxa and collection methods. Can Entomol 129:1009–1033. doi:10.4039/Ent1291009-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hammond HEJ, Langor DW, Spence JR (2004) Saproxylic beetles (Coleoptera) using Populus in boreal aspen stands of western Canada: spatiotemporal variation and conservation of assemblages. Can J For Res 34:1–19. doi:10.1139/x03-192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hara H, Miyoshi H, Tokuda S (2008) Forest decline after the damage by a typhoon in the occurrence of a fir bark beetle, Polygraphus proximus. Bull Hokkaido For Res Inst 45:21–27. (in Japanese with English summary)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman D (2011) Danger tree mitigation guidelines for managers. Tech Rep 1151–2815P–MTDC. USDA For Serv, Missoula Tech Dev Ctr, Missoula

  • Hokkaido Forestry Improvement Association (1988) Guidebook of thinning in Todo fir plantation forests. Hokkaido Forestry Improvement Association, Sapporo (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hokkaido Government (2013) Regional Forest Plan Document of South Kamikawa. Hokkaido Government, Sapporo (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hokkaido Government (2015) Annual report on Hokkaido Forest Management for FY2014. Hokkaido Government, Sapporo, p 174 (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsieh TC, Ma KH, Chao A (2016) iNEXT: an R package for rarefaction and extrapolation of species diversity (Hill numbers). Methods Ecol Evol. doi:10.1111/2041-210X.12613

    Google Scholar 

  • Irmler U, Heller K, Warning J (1996) Age and tree species as factors influencing the populations of insects living in dead wood (Coleoptera, Diptera: Sciaridae, Mycetophilidae). Pedobiologia 40:134–148

    Google Scholar 

  • Japan Meteorological Agency (2015) Climate statistics of Iwamizawa Station. http://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/view/nml_sfc_ym.php?prec_no=15&block_no=47413&year=&month=&day=&view=. Accessed 12 August 2015

  • Jonsson M, Ranius T, Ekvall H, Bostedt G, Dahlberg A, Ehnström B, Nordén B, Stokland JN (2006) Cost-effectiveness of silvicultural measures to increase substrate availability for red-listed wood-living organisms in Norway spruce forests. Biol Conserv 127:443–462 doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2005.09.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kappes H, Topp W (2004) Emergence of Coleoptera from deadwood in a managed broadleaved forest in central Europe. Biodivers Conserv 13:1905–1924. doi:10.1023/B:BIOC.0000035873.56001.7d

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lachat T, Nagel P, Cakpo Y, Attignon S, Goergen G, Sinsin B, Peveling R (2006) Dead wood and saproxylic beetle assemblages in a semi-deciduous forest in Southern Benin. For Ecol Manage 225:27–38. doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2005.12.025

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lindbladh M, Abrahamsson M, Seedre M, Jonsell M (2007) Saproxylic beetles in artificially created high-stumps of spruce and birch within and outside hotspot areas. Biodivers Conserv 16:3213–3226. doi:10.1007/s10531-007-9173-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McComb W, Lindenmayer D (1999) In: Hunter ML Jr. Dying, dead, and down trees. Maintaining Biodiversity in Forest Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 335–372

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Müller J, Thorn S, Baier R, Sagheb-Talebi K, Barimani HV., Seibold S, Ulyshen MD, Gossner MM (2016) Protecting the forests while allowing removal of damaged trees may imperil saproxylic insect biodiversity in the Hyrcanian beech forests of Iran. Conserv Lett 9:106–113. doi:10.1111/conl.12187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nieto A, Alexander KNA (2010) European red list of saproxylic beetles. Publication Office of the European Union, Luxembourg

  • Økland B (1996) A comparison of three methods of trapping saproxylic beetles. Eur J Entomol 93:195–209

    Google Scholar 

  • Oksanen J, Blanchet FG, Kindt R, Legendre P, Minchin PR, O’Hara RB, Simpson GL, Solymos P, Stevens MHH, Wagner H (2013) vegan: Community Ecology Package. R package version 2.0–10. http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=vegan. Accessed 11 April 2016

  • R Core Team (2016) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranius T, Jansson N (2000) The influence of forest regrowth, original canopy cover and tree size on saproxylic beetles associated with old oaks. Biol Conserv 95:85–94. Doi:10.1016/S0006-3207(00)00007-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ranius T, Caruso, Jonsell M, Juutinen A, Thor G, Rudolphi J (2014) Dead wood creation to compensate for habitat loss from intensive forestry. Biol Conserv 169:277–284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Speight MCD (1989) Saproxylic invertebrates and their conservation, nature and environment series 42. Council of Europe, Strasbourg

    Google Scholar 

  • Sprague JR, Talbert JT, Jett JB, Bryant RL (1983) Utility of the Pilodyn in selection for mature wood specific gravity in loblolly pine. For Sci 29:696–701

    Google Scholar 

  • Takiya M, Tokuda S, Yasaka M, Hara H, Akashi N (2015) Guidebook for silviculture of Todo fir plantation forests. Hokkaido Research Organization Forestry Research Institute, Bibai (in Japanese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ter Braak CJF (1986) Canonical correspondence analysis: a new eigenvector technique for multivariate direct gradient analysis. Ecology 67:1167–1179. doi:10.2307/1938672

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tokuda M, Shoubu M, Yamaguchi D, Yukawa J (2008) Defoliation and dieback of Abies firma (Pinaceae) trees caused by Parendaeus abietinus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Polygraphus proximus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) on Mount Unzen, Japan. Appl Entomol Zool 43:1–10. doi:10.1303/aez.2008.1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Uemura S (1994) Climatic preferences and frequent co-occurrence of boreal and temperate plants in Hokkaido Island, northern Japan. Vegetatio 112:113–126. doi:10.1007/BF00044686

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ulysen MD, Hanula JL (2009) Habitat associations of saproxylic beetles in the southeastern United States: A comparison of forest types, tree species and wood postures. For Ecol Manag 257:653–664. doi:10.1007/BF00044686

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Väisänen R, Biström O, Heliövaara K (1993) Sub-cortical Coleoptera in dead pines and spruces: is primeval species composition maintained in managed forests? Biodivers Conserv 2:95–113. doi:10.1007/BF00056127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vodka S, Konvicka M, Cizek L (2009) Habitat preferences of oak-feeding xylophagous beetles in a temperate woodland: implications for forest history and management. J Insect Conserv 13:553–562. doi:10.1007/s10841-008-9202-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weiss M, Procházka J, Schlaghamerský J, Cizek L (2016) Fine-scale vertical stratification and guild composition of saproxylic beetles in lowland and montane forests: similar patterns despite low faunal overlap. PLoS One 11:e0149506. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149506

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Wermelinger B, Flückiger PF, Obrist MK, Duelli P (2007) Horizontal and vertical distribution of saproxylic beetles (Col., Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Scolytinae) across sections of forest edges. J Appl Entomol 131:104–114. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.2006.01128.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhong H, Schowalter TD (1989) Conifer bole utilization by wood-boring beetles in western Oregon. Can J For Res 14:943–947. doi:10.1139/x89-145

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank: N. Ishihama, K. Morimoto Y. Shibata, S. Shiyake for identifying beetles; The Hokkaido Government Prefectural Forest Management Division and Sorachi Subprefectural Bureau Offices of Forestry Management for providing log samples; A. Yamagami for guiding in the extraction of beetles from logs; N. Akashi, H. Hara, K. Minamino, K. Nakata, T. Tsushima and A. Unno for their valuable advice and assistance with field data collection. This work was supported by a management expenses grant from the Hokkaido Government.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Forestry Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, Koshunai, Bibai, Hokkaido, 079-0198, Japan

    Kensuke Onodera & Sawako Tokuda

  2. Kanagawa Insect Colloquium, Iryuda, Odawara, Kanagawa, 250-0031, Japan

    Yukihiko Hirano

  3. JSPS Research Fellow, Entomological Laboratory, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Hakozaki 6-10-1, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan

    Shuhei Yamamoto

Authors
  1. Kensuke Onodera
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sawako Tokuda
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yukihiko Hirano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Shuhei Yamamoto
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kensuke Onodera.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (DOCX 23 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Onodera, K., Tokuda, S., Hirano, Y. et al. Vertical distribution of saproxylic beetles within snag trunks retained in plantation forests. J Insect Conserv 21, 7–14 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-016-9947-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-016-9947-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation