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Decreasing negative impacts of harvesting over insect communities using variable retention in southern Patagonian forests

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Abstract

Variable retention is an alternative silvicultural approach to timber forest management, which consist in a regeneration treatment with different degrees and patterns of stand retention. It has been proposed to mitigate harmful effects of harvesting, but effectiveness in insect conservation remains unknown in southern Patagonian Nothofagus pumilio forests. Here, the objectives were to: (1) define a baseline of insect diversity in old-growth forests along a site quality gradient (high, medium and low, associated to the forest productivity of each site); (2) evaluate stands with different retention treatments [aggregated (AR) surrounded by dispersed (DR) retention, and aggregated retention surrounded by clear-cut (CC)] and to compare with old-growth unmanaged forests (OGF); and (3) assess temporal changes during the first 4 years after harvesting (YAH). In a long term forest research plot, mobile epigean insect richness and relative abundance were characterized and classified in seven response type groups, using a wide spectrum sampling set. Data analyses included parametric and permutational ANOVAs, multivariate classification and ordinations. There were found 79 species before harvesting, and that richness was not related to site quality. After harvesting, 84 new species were added considering all treatments along the first four sampled YAH, of which 65 % were added to OGF, while in harvested sites richness and abundance directly diminished with retention degree (OGF > AR > DR > CC) due to incoming species cannot compensate the lost of them. However, fluctuations in diversity were observed along the YAH. Therefore, harvesting reduces insect richness in N. pumilio forests independently of the treatment, but the original insect assemblage significantly changes due to loss of sensitive species and introduction of others from surrounding environments. Despite this, inclusion of aggregates greatly diminished harvesting impacts because insect assemblage is favoured when structural complexity is preserved, conserving richness and abundance at similar levels than in old-growth forests. However, more studies are necessary to evaluate effects of different aggregate size, shape and distribution into harvested forests, as well as their fragmentation and connectivity at landscape level.

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Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully thank to the Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas, Servicios Forestales Consultancy, Los Castores sawmill, Lenga Patagonia S.A. and Dirección de Bosques—Secretaría de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sustentable of Argentina (PIARFON BIRF 4085-AR) for their support during the realization of this work. Also we especially thank to Dr. Sergio Roig-Juñent (Curculionida and Carabida), Dr. Gustavo Flores (Perymilopida), Dr. Andrew Schmidt (Scarabeida) for their collaboration in species identification, and to students who participate in the field work for their help, curiosity and willingness.

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  1. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CONICET), Houssay 200, 9410, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

    María Vanessa Lencinas & Guillermo Martínez Pastur

  2. Administración de Parques Nacionales, Parque Nacional Tierra del Fuego, San Martín 1395, 9410, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

    Emilce Gallo

  3. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, cc 31, 1900, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Juan Manuel Cellini

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  1. María Vanessa Lencinas
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  4. Juan Manuel Cellini
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Correspondence to María Vanessa Lencinas.

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Lencinas, M.V., Martínez Pastur, G., Gallo, E. et al. Decreasing negative impacts of harvesting over insect communities using variable retention in southern Patagonian forests. J Insect Conserv 18, 479–495 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10841-014-9661-5

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