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Intergenerational Effects of Childhood Maltreatment: Role of Emotion Dysregulation and Emotion Socialization

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Abstract

The experience of childhood maltreatment is associated with greater psychological difficulties in survivors of maltreatment and their later children. While this intergenerational pattern is well-established, little is known about the mechanisms leading to negative outcomes in the children of maltreated parents. Moreover, many studies to date have focused on young children, with less research on adolescent children. In a sample of mother–adolescent child dyads (N = 241), we explored links between mothers’ experiences of childhood maltreatment and adolescents’ internalizing and externalizing symptoms over a 3-year period, as well as whether maternal emotion regulation difficulties and invalidating emotion socialization practices partially explained any links. Latent growth curve analysis revealed that internalizing symptoms increased slightly over the 3-year period, whereas externalizing symptoms remained stable on average. Mothers who reported higher levels of childhood maltreatment had adolescent children with greater overall levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms, but not greater increases over time. Maternal emotion regulation partially mediated the association between maternal history of childhood maltreatment and offspring externalizing symptoms but not internalizing symptoms. Maternal emotion socialization did not account for either association. Our results suggest that mothers’ experiences of childhood maltreatment are associated with greater overall psychological difficulties in their adolescent children, and mothers’ own emotion dysregulation partially accounts for that association for externalizing symptoms.

Highlight

  • Examined mediators of association of parental history of childhood maltreatment and child symptoms.

  • Used Latent Growth Curve analysis to study adolescent child symptoms longitudinally.

  • Maternal emotion regulation mediated association between maltreatment history and externalizing symptoms.

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Funding

This research was supported through a National Institute of Health (NIH), National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Award (RO1-DA033431, R01-DA033431-S1; PI: Chaplin).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA

    Laura N. Martin, Keith D. Renshaw, Kelsey L. Mauro, Timothy W. Curby & Tara Chaplin

  2. Penn State University, 214 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, State College, PA, 16802, USA

    Emily Ansell

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  1. Laura N. Martin
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Correspondence to Laura N. Martin.

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Martin, L.N., Renshaw, K.D., Mauro, K.L. et al. Intergenerational Effects of Childhood Maltreatment: Role of Emotion Dysregulation and Emotion Socialization. J Child Fam Stud 32, 2187–2197 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-023-02608-x

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