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Examining Toddlers’ Problem Behaviors: The Role of SES, Parenting Stress, Perceived Support and Negative Intentionality

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Abstract

Objectives

We aimed to explore profiles of mothers with respect to two key risk factors, SES and parenting stress, and then examine the role of maternal perceived social support and negative intentionality in toddlers’ internalizing and externalizing behaviors in these mother profiles.

Method

A sample of 463 mothers with 1–3 years old non-clinical toddlers completed scales. First, in Latent Profile Analysis (LPA), we identified two distinct mother profiles, as high SES–low stress (low-risk) and low SES–high stress (high-risk) groups. Then, we tested the pattern of associations among maternal perceived social support, negative intentionality, and child internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors in a multi-group SEM analysis based on these two profiles.

Results

There was a strong negative association between social support and both internalizing and externalizing behaviors in the low-risk profile mothers, but not in the high-risk profile mothers. Regardless of mothers’ profiles, the perceived negative intentionality in toddlers’ behaviors positively predicted both internalizing and externalizing behaviors. However, the perceived negative intentionality did not mediate the negative association between perceived social support and toddlers’ problem behaviors.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that mothers’ negative attributions about child’s behaviors can play a critical role at the early stages of problem behaviors and social support can be an important factor to decrease the child’s externalizing problem behaviors especially for the low-risk group of mothers. Intervention programs should be designed with the differential contribution of social support and negative intentionality in the onset of toddlers’ problem behaviors.

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Author Contributions

G.A. designed, executed, conducted the analysis and wrote the paper. A.K. collaborated with the design, analysis and the writing. B.K. collaborated with the design and analysis, and the writing, and also collected data. A.O.I. collaborated in the data analysis and the writing up of the analysis.

Funding

This study was funded by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) Career Grant No: 114K813.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Ozyegin University, Nisantepe Mah. Orman Sok. Cekmekoy Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey

    Gizem Arikan

  2. Ozyegin University, Cekmekoy, Istanbul, Turkey

    Gizem Arikan, Asiye Kumru & Ali O. Ilhan

  3. Istanbul Medeniyet University, Kadıkoy, Istanbul, Turkey

    Beliz Korkut

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  1. Gizem Arikan
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  2. Asiye Kumru
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  4. Ali O. Ilhan
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Correspondence to Gizem Arikan.

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The current research was approved by Ozyegin University ethics committee. All procedures in the study involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Arikan, G., Kumru, A., Korkut, B. et al. Examining Toddlers’ Problem Behaviors: The Role of SES, Parenting Stress, Perceived Support and Negative Intentionality. J Child Fam Stud 28, 3467–3478 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01529-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01529-y

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