Abstract
In this paper, crosstalk noise analysis of coupled on-chip interconnects is presented. The multiresolution time domain (MRTD) method is used to analyze the crosstalk noise model. The crosstalk-induced propagation time delay and crosstalk peak voltage on the victim line of interconnects are determined. The results obtained for the proposed MRTD model are compared with the conventional finite difference time domain (FDTD) method and validated with HSPICE simulations at the 22-nm technology node. The results show that crosstalk induced a propagation delay which is dynamic in-phase and dynamic out-of-phase, and peak voltage timing and the peak voltage value of functional crosstalk in the copper interconnects have an average error of less than 0.53% when compared with HSPICE simulations. The results for the proposed model are very similar to those of HSPICE simulations. Electromagnetic interference and electromagnetic compatibility of on-chip interconnects can also be addressed using the proposed method.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.
References
Moaiyeri, M.H., Hajmohammadi, Z., Khezeli, M.R., Jalali, A.: Effective reduction in crosstalk effects in quaternary integrated circuits using mixed carbon nanotube bundle interconnects. ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. 7(5), M69 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1149/2.0111805jss
Khezeli, M.R., Moaiyeri, M.H., Jalali, A.: Active shielding of MWCNT bundle interconnects: an efficient approach to cancellation of crosstalk-induced functional failures in ternary logic. IEEE Trans. Electromag. Compat. 61(1), 100–110 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/temc.2017.2788500
Rabaey, J.M., Chandrakasan, A.P., Nikolić, B.: Digital integrated circuits: a design perspective, vol. 7. Pearson education, Upper Saddle River, NJ (2003)
Alpert, C.J., Devgan, A., Kashyap, C.V.: RC delay metrics for performance optimization. IEEE Trans. Comput. Aid. Des. Integr. Circuits. Syst. 20(5), 571–582 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1109/43.920682
Rubinstein, Jorge, Penfield, Paul, Horowitz, Mark A.: Signal delay in RC tree networks. IEEE Trans. Comput. Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. 2(3), 202–211 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1145/62882.62932
Masoumi, M., Masoumi, N., Javanpak, A.: A new and efficient approach for estimating the accurate time-domain response of single and capacitive coupled distributed RC interconnects. Microelectron. J. 40(8), 1212–1224 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2009.04.004
Ismail, Yehea I., Friedman, Eby G., Neves, Jose L.: Equivalent Elmore delay for RLC trees. IEEE Trans. Comput. Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. 19(1), 83–97 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1109/43.822622
Ismail, Y.I., Friedman, E.G.: Effects of inductance on the propagation delay and repeater insertion in VLSI circuits. IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst. 8(2), 195–206 (2000)
Agarwal, K.: Sylvester, Dennis, Blaauw, David: Modeling and analysis of crosstalk noise in coupled RLC interconnects. IEEE Trans. Comput. Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. 25(5), 892–901 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2005.855961
Cui, J.P., Zhao, W.S., Yin, W.Y., Jun, H.: Signal transmission analysis of multilayer graphene nano-ribbon (MLGNR) interconnects. IEEE Trans. Electromag. Compat. 54(1), 126–132 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMC.2011.2172947
Li, X.C., Mao, J.F., Swaminathan, M.: Transient Analysis of CMOS-Gate-Driven \(RLGC\) Interconnects Based on FDTD. IEEE Trans. Comput. Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst. 30(4), 574–583 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2010.2095650
Liang, F., Wang, G., Lin, H.: Modeling of crosstalk effects in multiwall carbon nanotube interconnects. IEEE Trans. Electromag. Compat. 54(1), 133–139 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/temc.2011.2172982
Kumar, V.R., Kaushik, B.K., Patnaik, A.: Crosstalk noise modeling of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) interconnects using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique. Microelectr. Reliab. 55(1), 155–163 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2014.09.001
Tentzeris, E.M., Robertson, R.L., Harvey, J.F., Katehi, L.P.B.: Stability and dispersion analysis of Battle-Lemarie-based MRTD schemes. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47(7), 1004–1013 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1109/22.775432
Alighanbari, A., Sarris, C.D.: Dispersion properties and applications of the Coifman scaling function based S-MRTD. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 54(8), 2316–2325 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1109/tap.2006.879194
Krumpholz, M., Katehi, L.P.B.: MRTD: new time-domain schemes based on multiresolution analysis. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 44(4), 555–571 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1109/22.491023
Grivet-Talocia, S.: On the accuracy of Haar-based multiresolution time-domain schemes. IEEE Microwave Guided Wave Lett. 10(10), 397–399 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1109/75.877224
Fujii, M., Hoefer, W.J.R.: Dispersion of time domain wavelet Galerkin method based on Daubechies’ compactly supported scaling functions with three and four vanishing moments. IEEE Microwave Guided Wave Lett. 10(4), 125–127 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1109/75.846920
Massy, I., Ney, M.M.: A hybrid MRTD-FDTD technique for efficient field computation. In: Ahmed, I., Chen, Z.D. (eds.) Computational electromagnetics-retrospective and outlook, pp. 245–278. Springer, Singapore (2015)
Tong, Z., Sun, L., Li, Y., Luo, J.: Multiresolution time-domain scheme for terminal response of two-conductor transmission lines. Math. Probl. Eng. (2016). https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/8045749
Tong, Z., Sun, L., Li, Y., Angulo, L.D., Gonzalez, G., Salvador, L.J.: Multiresolution time-domain analysis of multiconductor transmission lines terminated in linear loads. Math. Probl. Eng. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9845702
Rebelli, S., Rao, N.B.: A novel MRTD model for signal integrity analysis of resistive driven coupled copper interconnects. COMPEL-Int. J. Comput. Math. Electr. Electr. Eng. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1108/COMPEL-12-2016-0521
Rebelli, S., Nistala, B.R.: An efficient MRTD model for the analysis of crosstalk in CMOS-driven coupled Cu interconnects. Radioengineering 27(2), 532–540 (2018). https://doi.org/10.13164/re.2018.0532
Rebelli, S., Nistala, B.R.: A multiresolution time domain (MRTD) method for crosstalk noise modeling of CMOS-gate-driven coupled MWCNT interconnects. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 62(2), 521–531 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/temc.2019.2903728
Paul, C.R.: Incorporation of terminal constraints in the FDTD analysis of transmission lines. IEEE Trans. Electromag. Compat. 36(2), 85–91 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1109/15.293284
Pan, G.W.: Wavelets in electromagnetics and device modeling, vol. 159. Wiley, London (2003)
Dogaru, T., Carin, L.: Multiresolution time-domain algorithm using CDF biorthogonal wavelets. IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 49(5), 902–912 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1109/22.920147
Kumar, M.G., Chandel, R., Agrawal, Y.: An efficient crosstalk model for coupled multiwalled carbon nanotube interconnects. IEEE Trans. Electromag. Compat. 60(2), 487–496 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/TEMC.2017.2719052
International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) 2013.[Online]. Available:http://www.itrs.net/
Badugu, D., Madhuri, S.S.: Crosstalk noise analysis of on-chip interconnects for ternary logic applications using FDTD. Microelectr. J. 93, 104633 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mejo.2019.104633
Synopsys for HSPICE tools, (2008). [Online]. Available:http://www.synopsys.com
Acknowledgements
This research was sponsored by the University Grants Commission (UGC) fellowship. The authors would like to thank the Principal, UCE(A) Osmania University for all their support.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Gugulothu, B., Bhukya, R.N. Crosstalk noise analysis of coupled on-chip interconnects using a multiresolution time domain (MRTD) technique. J Comput Electron 21, 348–359 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10825-021-01828-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10825-021-01828-y