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Analysis of Human Urinary Stones and Gallstones by Fourier Transform Infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance Spectroscopy

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Journal of Applied Spectroscopy Aims and scope

The aim of this study was to analyze the composition of urinary stones and gallstones and assess their prevalence as a function of age and sex. A total of 425 urinary stones and 108 gallstones was analyzed for composition using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. According to the absorption band spectra obtained using FTIR-ATR, urinary stones were classified into the following groups: calcium oxalate (55.6%), uric acid (24.1%), hydroxyapatite (7.3%), struvite (9.0%), brucite (2.1%), cystine (1.0%) and ammonium urate (0.2%). Gallstones were classified into cholesterol (66.7%) and pigment stones (33.3%). As to urinary stones, they are more common in males (62.0%) than in females (38.0%) (ratio ♂/♀: 1.7), calcium oxalate stones being the most common ones in both sexes. Women have a higher frequency of hydroxyapatite and struvite than men (p < 0.05), whereas males have a higher frequency of calcium oxalate and uric acid than women (p < 0.05). Calcium oxalate stones are more common in the 30–69 years age group (p < 0.05), while uric acid stones are more common in ages >50 years (p < 0.05). As to gallstones, they are more common in women (59.3%) than in men (40.7%) (ratio ♀/♂: 1.4), cholesterol stones being the most prevalent in both sexes. Women have greater frequency of cholesterol stones than men (p < 0.05) and men have higher frequency of pigment stones than women (p < 0.05). Cholesterol stones were more common in ages <60 year (p < 0.05), whereas pigment stones were more common in ages ≥60 years (p < 0.05). The results of this study show that the physical analysis of stones using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy provides fairly accurate information on its composition, and sex and age have been seen to have an influence on the type of stone formed.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Analysis, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain

    F. J. Hermida

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  1. F. J. Hermida
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Correspondence to F. J. Hermida.

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Abstract of article is published in Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 88, No. 1, p. 166, January–February, 2021

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Hermida, F.J. Analysis of Human Urinary Stones and Gallstones by Fourier Transform Infrared Attenuated Total Reflectance Spectroscopy. J Appl Spectrosc 88, 215–224 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10812-021-01160-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10812-021-01160-0

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