A handheld RGB camera was developed to monitor the in vivo distribution of porphyrin-based photosensitizer (PS) hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) in blood vessels during photodynamic therapy (PDT). The focal length, f-number, International Standardization Organization (ISO) sensitivity, and shutter speed of the camera were optimized for the solution sample with various HMME concentrations. After the parameter optimization, it was found that the red intensity value of the fluorescence image was linearly related to the fluorescence intensity under investigated conditions. The RGB camera was then used to monitor the in vivo distribution of HMME in blood vessels in a skin-fold window chamber model. The red intensity value of the recorded RGB fluorescence image was found to be linearly correlated to HMME concentrations in the range 0–24 μM. Significant differences in the red to green intensity ratios were observed between the blood vessels and the surrounding tissue.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
B. C. Wilson and M. S. Patterson, Phys. Med. Biol., 53, R61–R109 (2008).
B. W. Pogue, J. T. Elliott, S. C. Kanick, S. C. Davis, K. S. Samkoe, E. V. Maytin, S. P. Pereira, and T. Hasan, Phys. Med. Biol., 61, R57–R89 (2016).
M. P. Samtsov, D. S. Tarasau, K. N. Kaplevsky, E. S. Voropy, P. T. Petrov, and Y. P. Istomin, J. Appl. Spectrosc., 83, No. 1, 79–84 (2016).
B. Li, L. Lin, H. Lin, and B. C. Wilson, J. Biophoton., 9, No. 11, 1314–1325 (2016).
J. Xue, C. Li, H. Liu, J. Wei, N. Chen, and J. Huang, Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther., 8, 267–274 (2011).
S. Iinuma, K. T. Schomacker, G. Wagnieres, M. Rajadhyaksha, and M. Bamberg, Cancer Res., 59, 6164–6170 (1999).
B. W. Pogue, C. Sheng, J. Benevides, D. Forcione, B. Puricelli, N. Nishioka, and T. Hasan, J. Biomed. Opt., 13, 034009 (2008).
C. W. Lin, J. R. Shulok, Y. K. Wong, C. F. Schanbacher, L. Cincotta, and J. W. Foley, Cancer Res., 51, 1109–1116 (1991).
G. G. Miller, K. Brown, R. B. Moore, M. S. McPhee, Z. J. Diwu, J. Liu, L. Huang, J. W. Lown, D. A. Begg, V. Chlumecky, and J. Tulip. Photochem. Photobiol., 61, 632–638 (1995).
P. A. Valdés, F. Leblond, V. L. Jacobs, B. C. Wilson, K. D. Paulsen, and D. W. Roberts, Sci. Rep., 2, 798 (2012).
M. D. Glidden, J. P. Celli, I. Massodi, I. Rizvi, B. W. Pogue, and T. Hasan, Theranostics, 2, 827–839 (2012).
D. Jakovels, J. Spigulis, and L. Rogule, Proc. SPIE, 8087, 80872B (2011).
I. Nishidate, N. Tanaka, T. Kawase, T. Maeda, T. Yuasa, Y. Aizu, T. Yuasa, and K. Niizeki, J. Biomed. Opt., 16, 086012 (2011)
D. Jakovels, I. Kuzmina, A. Berzina, L. Valeine, and J. Spigulisa, J. Biomed. Opt., 18, 126019 (2013).
I. Nishidate, Y. Harasaki, S. Kawauchi, S. Sato, M. Sato, and Y. Kokubo, Proc. SPIE, 9690, 96900Q (2016).
S. Yu, L. Lin, and H. Lin, J. Optoelectron. Laser, 19, 1283–1286 (2008).
M. Lv, F. Qin, L. Mao, L. Zhang, S. Lv, J. Jin, and Z. Zhang, Laser. Med. Sci., 30, 2151–2156 (2015).
G. M. Palmer, A. N. Fontanella, S. Shan, G Hanna, G. Zhang, C. L. Fraser, and M. W. Dewhirst, Nat. Protoc., 6, 1355–1366 (2011).
L. C. Courrol, F. R. de Oliveira Silva, E. L. Coutinho, M. F. Piccoli, R. D. Mansano, N. D. Vieira Jur., N. Schor, and M. H. Bellini, J. Fluoresc., 17, 289–292 (2007).
V. Masilamani, K. Al-Zhrani, M. Al-Salhi, A. Al-Diab, and M. Al-Ageily, J. Lumin., 109, 143–154 (2004).
L. Liu, L. Lin, W. Li, C. Yang, Z. Huang, S. Xie, and B. Li, Proc. SPIE, 8577, 857703 (2013).
L. Lin, H. Lin, D. Chen, L. Chen, M. Wang, S. Xie, Y. Gu, B. C. Wilson, and B. Li, Proc. SPIE, 9129, 912920 (2014).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Abstract of article is published in Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 84, No. 6, p. 1018, November–December, 2017.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, L., Huang, Z., Qiu, Z. et al. Visualization of Porphyrin-Based Photosensitizer Distribution from Fluorescence Images In Vivo Using an Optimized RGB Camera. J Appl Spectrosc 84, 1124–1130 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10812-018-0597-5
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10812-018-0597-5