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Diversity and distribution characteristics of phytoplankton in typical mariculture bays in northern China

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Abstract

The Rongcheng coastal regions, located outside the easternmost region of Shandong Peninsula, are the most typical high-density mariculture regions in northern China. To gain a detailed understanding of the diversity of phytoplankton in the Rongcheng coastal regions at the molecular level, we analyzed the phytoplankton community structure and compared the horizontal and vertical distribution in Rongcheng Bay, Lidao Bay and Sanggou Bay using metabarcoding analysis based on the 18S rDNA V4 sequences. A total of 186 phytoplankton species in 173 genera and nine phyla were detected in water samples collected from eight sampling stations in these three bays in summer, which was much higher than the historical survey results over the past 40 years. The amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) richness in Dinoflagellata showed no regular spatial distribution variation in the investigation area of the three bays, but the relative abundance in Dinoflagellata significantly increased on the outside of bays where no aquaculture facilities were set up. Both ASVs richness and relative abundance in Chlorophyta significantly decreased as the offshore distance increased in Rongcheng Bay and Lidao Bay, not in Sanggou Bay. In the vertical direction, Chlorophyta showed higher relative abundance in the surface layer in the bays. 47 potential bloom-forming algal species, which have been recorded as causal species and have led to the occurrence of harmful algal blooms, were detected in these three bays, and 26 species belonged to Dinoflagellata, posing a potential threat to mariculture industry. This study has helped us systematically understand the diversity and community structure of phytoplankton in typical mariculture bays in northern China, as well as potential harmful algal blooms, laying the foundation for long-term monitoring of planktonic ecosystems and prediction of harmful algal blooms in the future.

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Data availability

The data presented in the study have been deposited in the GenBank database.

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to staff of Rongcheng Ocean and Fishery Monitoring and Disaster Mitigation Center for their assistance in sample collection, and staffs of marine ecological environment genomics research group in IOCAS for their assistance in data analysis. Statistical analyses were also supported by Oceanographic Data Center, IOCAS.

Funding

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42276133), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDA23050302, XDA23050403), the Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China (No. 2018FY100200), and the project from Rongcheng Ocean and Fishery Monitoring and Disaster Mitigation Center and Rongcheng Ocean Development Bureau.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, People’s Republic of China

    Jiamin Li

  2. CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IOCAS), Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, People’s Republic of China

    Jiamin Li, Feng Liu, Tian Yan & Nansheng Chen

  3. Marine Ecology and Environmental Science Laboratory, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People’s Republic of China

    Jiamin Li, Feng Liu, Tian Yan & Nansheng Chen

  4. Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266400, People’s Republic of China

    Jiamin Li, Feng Liu, Tian Yan & Nansheng Chen

  5. Rongcheng Ocean and Fishery Monitoring and Disaster Mitigation Center, Rongcheng, Shandong, 264300, People’s Republic of China

    Liang Liu

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Contributions

F.L. designed the study. J.L., F.L. and L.L. completed the experiments. J.L., F.L., T.Y. and N.C. performed the analysis. F.L. and J.L. wrote the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Feng Liu.

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Li, J., Liu, F., Yan, T. et al. Diversity and distribution characteristics of phytoplankton in typical mariculture bays in northern China. J Appl Phycol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-024-03185-2

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