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Improvement of the Cd removal efficiency of a filamentous cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya sp. XZ1 through co-culture with Bacillus sp. S1

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Abstract

The co-culture of cyanobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria can utilize the advantages of both bacteria, effectively remove pollutants and relieve the feedback inhibition effect in algae culture; however, little information is available in heavy metal removal. In this study, a filamentous cyanobacterium, Leptolyngbya sp. XZ1, isolated from biological soil crusts and four heterotrophic bacterial strains, namely, Y3, Y4, S1 and T2, isolated from the phycosphere were co-inoculated into BG-11 media containing Cd. Amongst co-culture systems, Leptolyngbya + S1 showed the highest Cd removal efficiencies of 93.2%, 71.8%, 60.7%, 56.8% and 41.0% at initial Cd concentrations of 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 mg L−1, respectively. In this co-culture system, Cd adsorbed on the cell wall was increased by 42.8%, 52.9%, 50.0% and 22.6%, and the intracellular Cd was decreased by 37.9%, 37.0%, 51.0% and 50.6% at initial Cd concentrations of 5, 10, 20 and 50 mg L−1, respectively, compared with the Leptolyngbya monoculture. Under Cd stress, the biomass, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)-polysaccharides and photosystem II activity of Leptolyngbya sp. XZ1 were increased by co-culture with Bacillus sp. S1. In addition, the Cd stress on Leptolyngbya was alleviated by co-culture with S1 as proven by the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, soluble protein content and SDS-PAGE analysis. Results indicated that the cyanobacteria-heterotrophic bacteria co-culture system can be used as an effective bioremediation method to remove heavy metals from aqueous solution.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Open Project of Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education (GCP202110) and the NSFC (31870432).

Funding

This work was funded by the Open Project of Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education (GCP202110) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31870432).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass-Resources Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430079, People’s Republic of China

    Changho Ri, Yue Tao, Jiawei Tu, Xinyue Li, Sijia She, Lianghui Hou, Yaojia Fu & Lanzhou Chen

  2. Faculty of Life Science, KIM IL SUNG University, Pyongyang, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea

    Changho Ri

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Conceptualization: Lanzhou Chen, Changho Ri; Methodology: Changho Ri, Yue Tao, Xinyue Li, Sijia She; Analysis and interpretation of the data: Jiawei Tu, Lianghui Hou, Yaojia Fu; Writing – original draft: Changho Ri, Jiawei Tu; Writing – review & editing: Lanzhou Chen, Yue Tao; Project administration and supervision: Lanzhou Chen

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Ri, C., Tao, Y., Tu, J. et al. Improvement of the Cd removal efficiency of a filamentous cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya sp. XZ1 through co-culture with Bacillus sp. S1. J Appl Phycol 35, 2935–2944 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-023-03078-w

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