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Temperature characteristics on the growth and photosynthesis of a red alga Phycocalidia tanegashimensis (= Pyropia tanegashimensis, Bangiales) reveal adaptation to subtropical environments due to year-round occurrence of the macroscopic gametophyte

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Abstract

The effects of temperature on the photosynthesis and growth of a subtropical red alga, Phycocalidia tanegashimensis (= Pyropia tanegashimensis, Bangiaceae, Bangiales) from Tanegashima Island, Japan, were determined to better understand the ecology of the macroscopic gametophyte. Net photosynthesis–irradiance (P–E) curves, determined at 12, 20, and 28°C, revealed that the maximum net photosynthetic rates occurred at 28°C. A gross photosynthesis–temperature (P–T) curve, determined at temperatures between 8 and 36°C, supported this result and indicated that optimal temperature (\( {T}_{opt}^{GP} \)) for maximum gross photosynthetic rates was 27.3°C (25.9–28.8 95% highest density credible intervals, HDCI). However, after 4 days of incubation at constant temperature, the effective quantum yields (ΔF/Fm') of photosystem II, determined between 4 and 40°C under 50 μmol photons m−2 s−1 (12L:12D), were greatest at 22.1°C (20.9–23.4 HDCI) and declined quickly below 20°C and 32°C. The relative growth rate (RGR) was highest at 25.8°C (22.5–28.1 HDCI) at the conclusion of a 6-day culture (4 to 36°C) under 50 μmol photons m−2 s−1 (12L:12D). Compared to other temperate species of Bangiaceae, P. tanegashimensis appears to be well adapted to relatively high temperatures. The macroscopic gametophyte stage of Bangiaceae is regarded to be adapted to cold temperatures to overwinter; nevertheless, the significance of our study is that a year-round occurrence of P. tanegashimensis is enabled by its high optimal temperatures for photosynthesis and growth.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Ms. Moe Takaesu, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, for her kind assistance in the experiments. RT also expresses his gratitude to Dr. Iwao Shinmura for his great pioneering study in P. tanegashimensis and wishes continued good health and long life. The first author GX conducted this research as an international technical trainee at the United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, funded by the Overseas Technical Trainee Exchange Program of the Kagoshima Prefecture Government. All authors have provided consent.

Funding

This research was supported in part by the Overseas Technical Trainee Exchange Program of the Kagoshima Prefecture Government and by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B; # 20H03076) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).

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  1. Gangping Xu and Ryuta Terada equally contributed to this article as lead author

Authors and Affiliations

  1. United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan

    Gangping Xu & Ryuta Terada

  2. Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China

    Gangping Xu

  3. Central Laboratory, Marine Ecology Research Institute, Onjuku, Chiba, 299-5105, Japan

    Yuki Watanabe

  4. Institute for East China Sea Research, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 851-2213, Japan

    Gregory N. Nishihara

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Supplementary Fig. 1

Newly recruited individuals of the red alga Phycocalidia tanegashimensis (= Pyropia tanegashimensis) from Tanegashima Island, Kagoshima, Japan, after 3 weeks culture at 24°C under the irradiance of 50 μmol photons m−2 s−1, photoperiod of 12L:12D. Their parent thalli were removed from the Petri dish (JPG 980 kb)

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Xu, G., Terada, R., Watanabe, Y. et al. Temperature characteristics on the growth and photosynthesis of a red alga Phycocalidia tanegashimensis (= Pyropia tanegashimensis, Bangiales) reveal adaptation to subtropical environments due to year-round occurrence of the macroscopic gametophyte. J Appl Phycol 33, 1765–1775 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-021-02426-y

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