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The effects of irradiance, temperature, and desiccation on the photosynthesis of a brown alga, Sargassum muticum (Fucales), from a native distributional range in Japan

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Abstract

We determined the effects of irradiance, temperature, and desiccation on the photosynthesis of a brown alga, Sargassum muticum (Fucales), from its native distributional range in Japan by using a pulse amplitude modulation (PAM)-chlorophyll fluorometer and optical dissolved oxygen sensors. Photosynthesis–irradiance curves at three temperatures (8, 20, and 28°C) showed that the maximum net photosynthetic rates (NPmax) and saturation irradiance were highest at 28°C. Gross photosynthesis determined at 8–36°C (every four increments) and 300 μmol photons m−2 s−1 showed that the maximum gross photosynthetic rate (GPmax) occurred at 19.5°C (\( {T}_{\mathrm{opt}}^{\mathrm{GP}} \)), which is consistent with the seawater temperature at its peaked abundance in Japan. The maximum quantum yields (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II (PSII) during the 72-h temperature exposures were above 0.60 at 8–28°C but dropped at higher temperatures. Continuous exposure (12 h) to irradiance of 200 (low) and 1000 (high) μmol photons m−2 s−1 at three temperatures showed remarkable decline in the effective quantum yields (ΔF/Fm') of PSII under high irradiance at 8°C only; the Fv/Fm measured after 12-h dark acclimation also did not recover to initial values, signifying its sensitivity to photoinhibition at 8°C. Furthermore, the alga exhibited tolerance to 2 h of desiccation with 80% of water loss from the thallus, and ΔF/Fm' recovered after 24 h of rehydration in seawater, suggesting potential of photosynthetic recovery of this alga at such low hydration threshold. In conclusion, the adaptation of S. muticum to relatively high irradiance, to broad range of temperature (8–28°C), and to desiccation explains its potentially high invasive capacity.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Drs Hiroshi Kawai, Takeaki Hanyuda, and Masahiro Suzuki, Kobe University Research Center for Inland Seas, for their kind arrangements of the field survey in the present study. This research was part of the dissertation submitted by the first author in partial fulfillment of a Ph.D. degree. All authors have provided consent.

Funding

This research was supported in part by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B; #16H02939, #20H03076) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). The field survey in the present study was conducted in collaboration with the nationwide long-term monitoring survey for seaweed communities (Monitoring Site 1000) of the Japanese Ministry of Environment.

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  1. United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan

    Tomohiro Ito & Ryuta Terada

  2. College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of the Philippines-Visayas, 5023, Miagao, Iloilo, Philippines

    Iris Ann Borlongan

  3. Institute for East China Sea Research, Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Taira-machi 1551-7, Nagasaki, 851-2213, Japan

    Gregory N. Nishihara

  4. Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Shimoarata 4-50-20, Kagoshima, 890-0056, Japan

    Hikaru Endo

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  1. Tomohiro Ito
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Ito, T., Borlongan, I.A., Nishihara, G.N. et al. The effects of irradiance, temperature, and desiccation on the photosynthesis of a brown alga, Sargassum muticum (Fucales), from a native distributional range in Japan. J Appl Phycol 33, 1777–1791 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-021-02425-z

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