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Phenology of farmed seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii infestation by the parasitic epiphyte Polysiphonia sp. in Madagascar

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Abstract

With the increase of seaweed farming activities, epiphytic filamentous algae (EFA) disease has appeared in many regions of Madagascar. This infestation has dramatic consequences for local farmers as it alters drastically farmed algal growth and has caused farming activity to collapse in many places. The present study characterizes the structure and ultrastructure of the stages observed in the life cycle of Polysiphonia sp. and gives the results of a monitoring of 18 months made in three Kappaphycus alvarezii farming sites in the southwest of Madagascar. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to analyze the ultrastructure of the cortex in infested K. alvarezii. Five stages have been observed in the life cycle of Polysiphonia sp.: the infesting stage that is a small dark spot observed at the surface of K. alvarezii, the male gametophyte, the female gametophyte, the tetrasporocysts, and the undifferentiated stage where individuals show normal thalli without sexual differentiation. EFA infestation was never recorded in Sarodrano, but often in the two other monitored villages (Lambohara, Tampolove). Prevalence of infestation varied from 40 to 100 % and the rates of infestation from 42 to 78 epiphytes cm−2. Prevalence of infestation showed significant seasonal variation and a between-sites variation; the rates of infestation were not significantly different between sites and did not vary with the period. The ways of infestation between K. alvarezii individuals in an infested field and from infested to healthy fields are discussed at the light of the present results.

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Acknowledgments

This work was realized along with PRU (Polyaquaculture Research Unit) of IHSM, Toliara, Madagascar, supported by PIC (Projet Interuniversitaire Ciblé)/ARES–CDD (Académie de Recherche et d’Enseignement Superieur, Commission de la Cooperation au Développement). We are grateful for the collaboration with COPEFRITO (Compagnie de Pêche Frigorifique de Toliara) and BV (Blue Ventures) staff and field technicians for providing K. alvarezii samples, data collection, and giving us the access in the sites. G.L. is a research associate at the Belgian Fund for Scientific research (FRS-FNRS).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biology of Marine Organisms and Biomimetics, Biosciences Institute, University of Mons, 6, Avenue Champ de Mars, Pentagone 2B, 7000 Mons, Belgium

    Gaëtan Tsiresy, Jérémy Preux & Igor Eeckhaut

  2. Polyaquaculture Research Unit, Institut Halieutique et des Sciences Marines, University of Toliara, Route du Port Mahavatse, 601, Toliara, Madagascar

    Gaëtan Tsiresy, Thierry Lavitra & Igor Eeckhaut

  3. Marine Biology, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium

    Philippe Dubois

  4. Laboratory of Oceanology—MARE center, University of Liège, B6c, 15 allée du 6 août, 4000, Liège, Belgium

    Gilles Lepoint

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  1. Gaëtan Tsiresy
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  2. Jérémy Preux
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Correspondence to Gaëtan Tsiresy.

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Tsiresy, G., Preux, J., Lavitra, T. et al. Phenology of farmed seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii infestation by the parasitic epiphyte Polysiphonia sp. in Madagascar. J Appl Phycol 28, 2903–2914 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-016-0813-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-016-0813-8

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