Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Piloting the Use of a Short Observation List for ASD-Symptoms in Day-Care: Challenges and Further Possibilities

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Early symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) develop through the second year of life, making a stable ASD diagnosis possible around 24 months of age. However, in general, children with ASD are diagnosed later. In this study we explored the use of a short observation list to detect symptoms associated with ASD in children 12–24 months of age attending typical day-care centers. The results indicate that a short observation list used by day-care teachers does not reveal sufficient properties to be independently used in young children in day-care centers. Further studies should explore multiple and repeated measures for early detection of symptoms associated with ASD in typical day-care centers.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Al Maskari, T. S., Melville, C. A., & Willis, D. S. (2018). Systematic review: Cultural adaptation and feasibility of screening for autism in non-English speaking countries. International Journal of Mental Health Systems. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-018-0200-8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). San Francisco: American Psychiatric Pub.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, A., Palferman, S., Heavey, L., & Le Couteur, A. (1998). Autism: The phenotype in relatives. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 28(5), 369–392.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baranek, G. T. (1999). Autism during infancy: A retrospective video analysis of sensory-motor and social behaviors at 9–12 months of age. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 29(3), 213–224.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bedford, R., Elsabbagh, M., Gliga, T., Pickles, A., Senju, A., Charman, T., et al. (2012). Precursors to social and communication difficulties in infants at-risk for autism: Gaze following and attentional engagement. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(10), 2208–2218.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Sasson, A., Atun-Einy, O., Yahav-Jonas, G., Lev-On, S., & Gev, T. (2018). Training physical therapists in early ASD screening. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47, 1–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Branson, D., Vigil, D. C., & Bingham, A. (2008). Community childcare providers’ role in the early detection of autism spectrum disorders. Early Childhood Education Journal, 35(6), 523–530.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brian, J. A., Bryson, S. E., & Zwaigenbaum, L. (2015). Autism spectrum disorder in infancy: Developmental considerations in treatment targets. Current Opinion in Neurology, 28(2), 117–123.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Broder-Fingert, S., Feinberg, E., & Silverstein, M. (2018). Improving screening for autism spectrum disorder: Is it time for something new? Pediatrics, 141(6), e20180965.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bryson, S. E., Zwaigenbaum, L., McDermott, C., Rombough, V., & Brian, J. (2008). The autism observation scale for infants: Scale development and reliability data. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(4), 731–738.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cadman, D., Chambers, L., Feldman, W., & Sackett, D. (1984). Assessing the effectiveness of community screening programs. JAMA, 251(12), 1580–1585. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1984.03340360046028.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Charman, T., & Gotham, K. (2013). Measurement issues: Screening and diagnostic instruments for autism spectrum disorders–lessons from research and practise. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 18(1), 52–63.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chlebowski, C., Robins, D. L., Barton, M. L., & Fein, D. (2013). Large-scale use of the modified checklist for autism in low-risk toddlers. Pediatrics, 131(4), e1121–e1127.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Constantino, J. N., Lavesser, P. D., Zhang, Y. I., Abbacchi, A. M., Gray, T., & Todd, R. D. (2007). Rapid quantitative assessment of autistic social impairment by classroom teachers. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 46(12), 1668–1676.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Coury, D. L. (2015). Babies, bathwater, and screening for autism spectrum disorder: Comments on the USPSTF recommendations for autism spectrum disorder screening. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 36(9), 661–663.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dawson, G., Toth, K., Abbott, R., Osterling, J., Munson, J., Estes, A., et al. (2004). Early social attention impairments in autism: Social orienting, joint attention, and attention to distress. Developmental Psychology, 40(2), 271–283. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.40.2.271.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dereu, M., Raymaekers, R., Warreyn, P., Schietecatte, I., Meirsschaut, M., & Roeyers, H. (2012). Can child care workers contribute to the early detection of autism spectrum disorders? A comparison between screening instruments with child care workers versus parents as informants. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(5), 781–796.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DeVincent, C., Gadow, K. D., Strong, G., Schwartz, J., & Cuva, S. (2008). Screening for autism spectrum disorder with the Early Childhood Inventory-4. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics : JDBP, 29(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181468c32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duvekot, J., van der Ende, J., Verhulst, F. C., & Greaves-Lord, K. (2015). The screening accuracy of the parent and teacher-reported Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS): Comparison with the 3Di and ADOS. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(6), 1658–1672.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elder, J. H., Brasher, S., & Alexander, B. (2016). Identifying the barriers to early diagnosis and treatment in underserved individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and their families: A qualitative study. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 37(6), 412–420. https://doi.org/10.3109/01612840.2016.1153174.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elsabbagh, M., Divan, G., Koh, Y.-J., Kim, Y. S., Kauchali, S., Marcín, C., … Wang, C. (2012). Global prevalence of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders. Autism Research, 5(3), 160–179.

  • Elsabbagh, M., Fernandes, J., Webb, S. J., Dawson, G., Charman, T., Johnson, M. H., & British Autism Study of Infant Siblings Team. (2013). Disengagement of visual attention in infancy is associated with emerging autism in toddlerhood. Biological Psychiatry, 74(3), 189–194.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Elsabbagh, M., & Johnson, M. H. (2010). Getting answers from babies about autism. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14(2), 81–87.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, R., Golan, O., Hirschler-Guttenberg, Y., Ostfeld-Etzion, S., & Zagoory-Sharon, O. (2014). Parent–child interaction and oxytocin production in pre-schoolers with autism spectrum disorder. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 205(2), 107–112.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fountain, C., King, M. D., & Bearman, P. S. (2011). Age of diagnosis for autism: Individual and community factors across 10 birth cohorts. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 65(6), 503–510.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gabrielsen, T. P., Farley, M., Speer, L., Villalobos, M., Baker, C. N., & Miller, J. (2015). Identifying autism in a brief observation. Pediatrics, 135(2), e330–e338.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gamliel, I., Yirmiya, N., & Sigman, M. (2007). The development of young siblings of children with autism from 4 to 54 months. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(1), 171–183.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gammer, I., Bedford, R., Elsabbagh, M., Garwood, H., Pasco, G., Tucker, L., … BASIS Team. (2015). Behavioural markers for autism in infancy: Scores on the autism observational scale for infants in a prospective study of at-risk siblings. Infant Behavior and Development, 38, 107–115.

  • Goodwin, A., Matthews, N. L., & Smith, C. J. (2018). Parent-reported early symptoms of autism spectrum disorder in children without intellectual disability who were diagnosed at school age. Autism. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361318777243.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Guthrie, W., Wallis, K., Bennett, A., Brooks, E., Dudley, J., Gerdes, M., … Miller, J. S. (2019). Accuracy of autism screening in a large pediatric network. Pediatrics, 144(4), e20183963. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-3963.

  • Hampton, L. H., & Kaiser, A. P. (2016). Intervention effects on spoken-language outcomes for children with autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 60(5), 444–463.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Havdahl, K. A., Bishop, S. L., Surén, P., Øyen, A., Lord, C., Pickles, A., … Hornig, M. (2017). The influence of parental concern on the utility of autism diagnostic instruments. Autism Research, 10(10), 1672–1686.

  • Isaksen, J., Diseth, T. H., Schjølberg, S., & Skjeldal, O. H. (2012). Observed prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in two Norwegian counties. European Journal of Paediatric Neurology, 16(6), 592–598.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Iverson, J. M., & Wozniak, R. H. (2007). Variation in vocal-motor development in infant siblings of children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(1), 158–170.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Janvier, Y. M., Harris, J. F., Coffield, C. N., Louis, B., Xie, M., Cidav, Z., et al. (2016). Screening for autism spectrum disorder in underserved communities: Early childcare providers as reporters. Autism, 20(3), 364–373.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, C. P., & Myers, S. M. (2007). Identification and evaluation of children with autism spectrum disorders. Pediatrics, 120(5), 1183–1215.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones, E. J., Gliga, T., Bedford, R., Charman, T., & Johnson, M. H. (2014). Developmental pathways to autism: A review of prospective studies of infants at risk. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 39, 1–33.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Khowaja, M. K., Hazzard, A. P., & Robins, D. L. (2015). Sociodemographic barriers to early detection of autism: Screening and evaluation using the M-CHAT, M-CHAT-R, and follow-up. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(6), 1797–1808.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Klein-Tasman, B. P., Risi, S., & Lord, C. E. (2007). Effect of language and task demands on the diagnostic effectiveness of the autism diagnostic observation schedule: The impact of module choice. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37(7), 1224–1234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-006-0266-z.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Landa, R. J. (2018). Efficacy of early interventions for infants and young children with, and at risk for, autism spectrum disorders. International Review of Psychiatry, 30(1), 25–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2018.1432574.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Landa, R. J., Holman, K. C., & Garrett-Mayer, E. (2007). Social and communication development in toddlers with early and later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry, 64(7), 853–864.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Larsen, K. (2015). The early diagnosis of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder in Norway: A study of diagnostic age and its associated factors. Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 3(2), 136–145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Larsen, K., Aasland, A., & Diseth, T. H. (2018a). Brief report: Agreement between parents and day-care professionals on early symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(4), 1063–1068.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Larsen, K., Aasland, A., & Diseth, T. H. (2018b). Identification of symptoms of autism spectrum disorders in the second year of life at day-care centres by day-care staff: step one in the development of a short observation list. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48(7), 2267–2277.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lazenby, D. C., Sideridis, G. D., Huntington, N., Prante, M., Dale, P. S., Curtin, S., ... Akshoomoff, N. (2016). Language differences at 12 months in infants who develop autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(3), 899–909.

  • Leonard, H. C., Elsabbagh, M., Hill, E. L., & Basis Team. (2014). Early and persistent motor difficulties in infants at-risk of developing autism spectrum disorder: A prospective study. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 11(1), 18–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lord, Catherine, Elsabbagh, M., Baird, G., & Veenstra-Vanderweele, J. (2018). Autism spectrum disorder. The Lancet, 392(10146), 508–520.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lord, C., Luyster, R., Gotham, K., & Guthrie, W. (2012). Autism Diagnostic observation schedule-toddler module. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luyster, R., Gotham, K., Guthrie, W., Coffing, M., Petrak, R., Pierce, K., … Oti, R. (2009). The autism diagnostic observation schedule—toddler module: A new module of a standardized diagnostic measure for autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(9), 1305–1320.

  • Marlow, M., Servili, C., & Tomlinson, M. (2019). A review of screening tools for the identification of autism spectrum disorders and developmental delay in infants and young children: Recommendations for use in low- and middle-income countries: A review of screening tools for autism and developmental delay. Autism Research, 12(2), 176–199. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.2033.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mazurek, M. O., Handen, B. L., Wodka, E. L., Nowinski, L., Butter, E., & Engelhardt, C. R. (2014). Age at first autism spectrum disorder diagnosis: The role of birth cohort, demographic factors, and clinical features. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 35(9), 561–569.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McPheeters, M. L., Weitlauf, A., Vehorn, A., Taylor, C., Sathe, N. A., Krishnaswami, S., … Warren, Z. E. (2016). Screening for autism spectrum disorder in young children. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US).

  • Miller, J. S., Gabrielsen, T., Villalobos, M., Alleman, R., Wahmhoff, N., Carbone, P. S., et al. (2011). The each child study: Systematic screening for autism spectrum disorders in a pediatric setting. Pediatrics, 127(5), 866–871.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, S., Brian, J., Zwaigenbaum, L., Roberts, W., Szatmari, P., Smith, I., & Bryson, S. (2006). Early language and communication development of infants later diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 27(2), S69–S78.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morales, M., Mundy, P., Delgado, C. E. F., Yale, M., Messinger, D., Neal, R., et al. (2000). Responding to joint attention across the 6- through 24-month age period and early language acquisition. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 21(3), 283–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0193-3973(99)00040-4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mundy, P., Sigman, M., & Kasari, C. (1994). Joint attention, developmental level, and symptom presentation in autism. Development and Psychopathology, 6(3), 389–401. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579400006003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nah, Y.-H., Young, R. L., & Brewer, N. (2018). Development of a brief version of the Autism Detection in Early Childhood. Autism, 23(2), 494–502.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nilsson Jobs, E., Bölte, S., & Falck-Ytter, T. (2018). Spotting signs of autism in 3-year-olds: Comparing information from parents and preschool staff. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-018-3821-5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Øien, R. A., Schjølberg, S., Volkmar, F. R., Shic, F., Cicchetti, D. V., Nordahl-Hansen, A., … Chawarska, K. (2018). Clinical features of children with autism who passed 18-month screening. Pediatrics, 141(6). Retrieved from http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/141/6/e20173596.full.pdf.

  • Ozonoff, S., Iosif, A.-M., Baguio, F., Cook, I. C., Hill, M. M., Hutman, T., … Sigman, M. (2010). A prospective study of the emergence of early behavioral signs of autism. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 49(3), 256–266.

  • Ozonoff, S., Macari, S., Young, G. S., Goldring, S., Thompson, M., & Rogers, S. J. (2008). Atypical object exploration at 12 months of age is associated with autism in a prospective sample. Autism, 12(5), 457–472.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Ozonoff, S., Young, G. S., Belding, A., Hill, M., Hill, A., Hutman, T., … Schwichtenberg, A. J. (2014). The broader autism phenotype in infancy: When does it emerge? Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 53(4), 398-407.

  • Ozonoff, S., Young, G. S., Landa, R. J., Brian, J., Bryson, S., Charman, T., … Iosif, A.-M. (2015). Diagnostic stability in young children at risk for autism spectrum disorder: A baby siblings research consortium study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 56(9), 988–998. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12421.

  • Pierce, K., Gazestani, V. H., Bacon, E., Barnes, C. C., Cha, D., Nalabolu, S., … Courchesne, E. (2019). Evaluation of the diagnostic stability of the early autism spectrum disorder phenotype in the general population starting at 12 months. JAMA Pediatrics, 173(6), 578. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.0624.

  • Reilly, S., Bavin, E. L., Bretherton, L., Conway, L., Eadie, P., Cini, E., … Wake, M. (2009). The Early Language in Victoria Study (ELVS): A prospective, longitudinal study of communication skills and expressive vocabulary development at 8, 12 and 24 months. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 11(5), 344–357. https://doi.org/10.1080/17549500903147560.

  • Richards, M., Mossey, J., & Robins, D. L. (2016). Parents’ concerns as they relate to their child’s development and later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics: JDBP, 37(7), 532.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Risi, S., Lord, C., Gotham, K., Corsello, C., Chrysler, C., Szatmari, P., … Pickles, A. (2006). Combining information from multiple sources in the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 45(9), 1094–1103.

  • Robins, D. L., Casagrande, K., Barton, M., Chen, C.-M. A., Dumont-Mathieu, T., & Fein, D. (2014). Validation of the modified checklist for autism in toddlers, revised with follow-up (M-CHAT-R/F). Pediatrics, 133(1), 37–45.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rosenberg, R. E., Landa, R., Law, J. K., Stuart, E. A., & Law, P. A. (2011). Factors affecting age at initial autism spectrum disorder diagnosis in a national survey. Autism Research and Treatment. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/874619.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Rotholz, D. A., Kinsman, A. M., Lacy, K. K., & Charles, J. (2017). improving early identification and intervention for children at risk for autism spectrum disorder. Pediatrics. Retrieved from http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/pediatrics/early/2017/01/10/peds.2016-1061.full.pdf.

  • Rozga, A., Hutman, T., Young, G. S., Rogers, S. J., Ozonoff, S., Dapretto, M., & Sigman, M. (2011). Behavioral profiles of affected and unaffected siblings of children with autism: Contribution of measures of mother–infant interaction and nonverbal communication. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(3), 287–301.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Self, T. L., Coufal, K., & Parham, D. F. (2010). Allied healthcare providers’ role in screening for autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Allied Health, 39(3), 165–174.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shephard, E., Bedford, R., Milosavljevic, B., Gliga, T., Jones, E. J., Pickles, A., … Baron‐Cohen, S. (2018). Early developmental pathways to childhood symptoms of attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder, anxiety and autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60(9), 963–974.

  • Shumway, S., Farmer, C., Thurm, A., Joseph, L., Black, D., & Golden, C. (2012). The ADOS calibrated severity score: Relationship to phenotypic variables and stability over time. Autism Research, 5(4), 267–276.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Stenberg, N., Bresnahan, M., Gunnes, N., Hirtz, D., Hornig, M., Lie, K. K., … Reichborn‐Kjennerud, T. (2014). Identifying children with autism spectrum disorder at 18 months in a general population sample. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 28(3), 255–262.

  • Suren, P., Bakken, I. J., Aase, H., Chin, R., Gunnes, N., Lie, K. K., … Stoltenberg, C. (2012). Autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, epilepsy, and cerebral palsy in Norwegian children. Pediatrics, 130(1), e152–e158. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-3217.

  • Williams, K. (2016). Timely identification of children with autism: Are we asking the right question? Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 58(4), 324–325.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zwaigenbaum, L., Bryson, S., Rogers, T., Roberts, W., Brian, J., & Szatmari, P. (2005). Behavioral manifestations of autism in the first year of life. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience, 23(2–3), 143–152.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zwaigenbaum, L., Bryson, S. E., Brian, J., Smith, I. M., Roberts, W., Szatmari, P., … Vaillancourt, T. (2016). Stability of diagnostic assessment for autism spectrum disorder between 18 and 36 months in a high-risk cohort: Early diagnostic stability in high-risk cohort. Autism Research, 9(7), 790–800. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1585.

  • Zwaigenbaum, L., & Penner, M. (2018). Autism spectrum disorder: Advances in diagnosis and evaluation. BMJ. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k1674.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Regional Resource Centre for Autism, ADHD, Tourette’s Syndrome and Narcolepsy, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

    Kenneth Larsen & Ulla I. Hansen

  2. Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health in Hospitals, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway

    Astrid Aasland & Trond H. Diseth

  3. Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    Trond H. Diseth

  4. Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway

    Synnve Schjølberg

Authors
  1. Kenneth Larsen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Astrid Aasland
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Synnve Schjølberg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ulla I. Hansen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Trond H. Diseth
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

All authors contributed to the idea and design of the study, KL and UIH did the data-collection. KL did the analyses and the writing of the first draft. All authors contributed to the discussion of the analyses and revising of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kenneth Larsen.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interests

All authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.

Informed Consent

All participants included in this study have given informed consent, through parental consent.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Larsen, K., Aasland, A., Schjølberg, S. et al. Piloting the Use of a Short Observation List for ASD-Symptoms in Day-Care: Challenges and Further Possibilities. J Autism Dev Disord 50, 3413–3423 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04313-5

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-04313-5

Keywords

Search

Navigation