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The Development of Latent Dimensions of Psychopathology across Early Childhood: Stability of Dimensions and Moderators of Change

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Abstract

Recent research has described the structure of psychopathology as including one general and multiple specific factors, and this structure has been found in samples across development. However, little work has examined whether this structure is consistent across time, particularly in young children, within the same sample. Further, few studies have examined factors that influence the magnitude of the stability of latent dimensions of psychopathology. In the present study, we examine these issues in a community sample of 545 children assessed at ages 3 and 6. In addition, we explored child temperament, parental history of psychopathology, and parenting behaviors as potential moderators of the longitudinal stability of latent dimensions of psychopathology. We found that the same bifactor model structure identified at age 3 provided an adequate fit to the data at age 6. Further, our model revealed significant homotypic stability of the general, internalizing, and externalizing specific factors. We also found evidence of differentiation of psychopathology over time with the general factor at age 3 predicting the externalizing factor at age 6. However, we failed to identify moderators of the longitudinal associations between psychopathology latent factors. Overall, our results bolster support for the bifactor structure of psychopathology, particularly in early childhood.

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Funding

This work was supported by NIMH grants RO1 MH069942 (Klein), F31 MH084444 (Bufferd) and R01 MH107495 (Olino).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Temple University, 1701 N. 13th St, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA

    Thomas M. Olino

  2. California State University San Marcos, San Marcos, CA, USA

    Sara J. Bufferd

  3. University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, USA

    Lea R. Dougherty

  4. University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA

    Margaret W. Dyson

  5. Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, USA

    Gabrielle A. Carlson

  6. Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA

    Daniel N. Klein

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  1. Thomas M. Olino
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  2. Sara J. Bufferd
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  5. Gabrielle A. Carlson
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Correspondence to Thomas M. Olino.

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TMO, SJB, LRD, GC, and DNK declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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The study was approved by the IRB at Stony Brook University and has been performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was received from parents at each wave of data collection.

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Olino, T.M., Bufferd, S.J., Dougherty, L.R. et al. The Development of Latent Dimensions of Psychopathology across Early Childhood: Stability of Dimensions and Moderators of Change. J Abnorm Child Psychol 46, 1373–1383 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-018-0398-6

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