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Incorporation of nickel particles into a polyaniline thin film for non-enzymatic glucose sensing in alkaline medium

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Abstract

A non-enzymatic glucose sensor using a nickel particles/polyaniline composite has been synthesized on an indium tin oxide electrode. The PAni thin films were deposited onto the ITO surfaces using a repeated potential cycling technique in an aqueous solution containing aniline, sulfuric acid, and lithium perchlorate. Nickel particles were incorporated into the PAni/ITO surfaces using chronopotentiometry. Scanning electron micrograph and X-ray diffraction were employed to investigate the surface morphology and structure of the Ni-PAni composite, while Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy was used to study the optical properties. The modified electrode was electrochemically characterized using cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. The effect of PAni thin film thickness on the nickel deposition process has also been studied. Nickel was chosen due to its reduction potential being within the range where the PAni layer is in a reduced, non-conducting state. The electroactivity of the Ni-PAni/ITO electrode was evaluated through cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry and explored its potential for electrocatalytic glucose oxidation in an alkaline (NaOH) electrolyte. Excellent linearity in the peak oxidation current of glucose within the concentration range from 0.02 mM to 9 mM was observed with a high linear regression coefficient of 0.997. The Ni-PAni/ITO electrode displayed a high sensitivity of 215.8 mA mM−1 cm−2 in addition to the fast response time, which is less than 2 s. These results suggest that the Ni-PAni composite has the potential to be an effective electrode material to develop a cost-effective glucose sensor.

Graphical abstract

Schematic illustration of the preparation of Ni-polyaniline electrode for glucose sensing

Research Highlights

  • Nickel nanoparticles were incorporated in the polyaniline thin films by chronopotentiometry method.

  • The prepared Ni-polyaniline hybrids materials exhibit high sensitivity of 215.8 mA mM−1 cm−2

  • low-response time (2 s), good linearity in the concentration range from 0.1 mM to 12 mM, and low detection limit (0.01mM, S/N = 3).

  • The good analytical performance, low cost, and facile fabrication method make this new electrode material promising for the development of effective glucose sensors.

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Author notes

  1. Leila Lamiri & Assia Tounsi

    Present address: Laboratoire d’Electrochimie et Matériaux, Département de Génie des Procédés, Faculté de Technologie, Université Ferhat Abbas Sétif, 19000, Sétif, Algeria

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Centre in Industrial Technologies CRTI Cheraga, P.O. Box 64, 16104, Cheraga, Algeria

    Ouafia Belgherbi, Meriem Messoudi, Leila Lamiri & Assia Tounsi

  2. Laboratoire d’Energétique et d’Electrochimie du Solide (LEES), Département de Génie des Procédés, Faculté de Technologie, Université Sétif-1, Sétif, Algeria

    Ouafia Belgherbi, Hamza Bezi, Lamria Seid & Dalila Chouder

  3. Department of Physics, Division of Science & Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

    M. Saeed Akhtar & M. A. Saeed

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Belgherbi, O., Messoudi, M., Bezi, H. et al. Incorporation of nickel particles into a polyaniline thin film for non-enzymatic glucose sensing in alkaline medium. J Appl Electrochem 54, 851–863 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-023-01979-9

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