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Palladium-containing catalysts based on mesostructured material of the cmk type in the reaction of oxygen electroreduction

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Abstract

Palladium-containing ordered mesoporous carbons, such as CMK-1 and CMK-3 doped with nitrogen by pyrolysis of polyaniline and modified with an imidazolium ionic liquid ([BMIM][Br]) have been synthesized. The carriers and electrocatalysts have been studied by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray fluorescence analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. A significant decrease in the surface of CMK materials was shown upon doping with nitrogen and modifying with an ionic liquid. Moreover, the electrocatalytic activity in the oxygen reduction reaction from an alkaline electrolyte has been studied by the potentiometric method using a three-electrode cell with a rotating disk as working electrode. In addition, the diffusion currents, half-wave potentials, initial potentials, and the number of electrons participating in the reaction are calculated. The values of the electrochemical active surface of the synthesized catalysts were determined on the basis of cyclic voltammograms. Modification CMK-3_Pd with ionic liquid made it possible to increase the diffusion current, which was not observed upon doping with nitrogen. Catalysts CMK-3_Pd and CMK-3_Pd_IL showed high efficiency in the reaction under study. The number of electrons transferred during the electroreduction of oxygen on these catalysts is about 3.5; mass activity in the diffusion region at a potential of −0.8 V is about 0.7 A/mgPd; and it is almost two times higher than that of the commercial platinum Pt/C catalyst. In the kinetic region at a potential of −0.05 V, the specific activity of the platinum catalyst is significantly higher than that of CMK-3_Pd and CMK-3_Pd_IL. Mass activity in the kinetic region for CMK-3_Pd and CMK-3_Pd_IL is comparable to the activity of the Pt/C platinum catalyst. It was shown that the activity of materials based on CMK in the reaction of oxygen electroreduction from an alkaline electrolyte will depend not only on the size of the electrochemically active surface of the catalysts, but also on the textural characteristics of these materials.

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Funding

The study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the BRICS framework program in the field of STI No.51961145107 according to the research project Grant No. 19–53–80033.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Samara State Technical University, 443100, Samara, Russia

    Evgenia A. Martynenko & Sergey V. Vostrikov

  2. Institute of Natural Sciences, Samara University, 443086, Samara, Russia

    Roman V. Shafigulin, Kirill Yu. Vinogradov, Elena O. Tokranova & Andzhela V. Bulanova

  3. Institute of Modern Catalysis, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China

    Hong Zhu

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  1. Evgenia A. Martynenko
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  6. Andzhela V. Bulanova
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  7. Hong Zhu
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by EAM, SVV, RVS, KYV, EOT, AVB, and HZ. The first draft of the manuscript was written by EAM, SVV, and RVS, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Roman V. Shafigulin.

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Martynenko, E.A., Vostrikov, S.V., Shafigulin, R.V. et al. Palladium-containing catalysts based on mesostructured material of the cmk type in the reaction of oxygen electroreduction. J Appl Electrochem 53, 645–659 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-022-01808-5

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