Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

In vivo cone-photoreceptor density comparison between eyes with subretinal drusenoid deposits and healthy eyes using high magnification imaging

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
International Ophthalmology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

To compare photoreceptor density automated quantification in eyes with subretinal drusenoid deposits (SDD) and healthy controls using Heidelberg Spectralis High Magnification Module (HMM) imaging.

Methods

Twelve eyes of 6 patients with intermediate AMD, presenting with SDD were included, as well as twelve eyes of healthy controls. Individual dot SDD within the central 30° retina were examined with infrared confocal laser ophthalmoscopy, HMM, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Photoreceptor density analysis was performed on the best-quality image using the ImageJ Foci Picker plugin, after the removal of SDD from the HMM image. Correlations were made between the HMM quantified photoreceptor density, SD-OCT characteristics, stage, and number of SDD.

Results

Mean age was 75.17 ± 2.51 years in the SDD group (3 males, 3 females) versus 73.17 ± 3.15 years in the healthy control group (p = 0.2). Defects in the overlying ellipsoid zone were present on SD-OCT in 8/12 (66.66%) eyes. The mean ± standard deviation foci detected (i.e., cone photoreceptors) was 7123.75 ± 3683.32 foci/mm2 in the SDD group versus 13,253 ± 3331.00 foci/mm2 in the healthy control group (p = 0.0003). The number of SDD was associated with a reduction in foci density, p = 0.0055, r = − 0.7622.

Conclusion

The decreased cone density in eyes with SDD may correlate with a decrease in retinal function in intermediate AMD eyes independent of neovascular complications or outer retinal pigment epithelial atrophy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Mimoun G, Soubrane G, Coscas G (1990) Macular drusen. J Fr Ophtalmol 13:511–530

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Arnold JJ, Sarks SH, Killingsworth MC et al (1995) Reticular pseudodrusen: a risk factor in age-related maculopathy. Retina 15:183–191

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Spaide RF, Ooto S, Curcio CA (2018) Subretinal drusenoid deposits AKA pseudodrusen. Surv Ophthalmol 63:782–815

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Finger RP, Chong E, McGuinness MB et al (2016) Reticular pseudodrusen and their association with age-related macular degeneration: the melbourne collaborative cohort study. Ophthalmology 123:599–608

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Curcio CA, Messinger JD, Sloan KR, McGwin G, Medeiros NE, Spaide RF (2013) Subretinal drusenoid deposits in non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration: morphology, prevalence, topography, and biogenesis model. Retina 33:265–276

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Rudolf M, Malek G, Messinger JD, Clark ME, Wang L, Curcio CA (2008) Sub-retinal drusenoid deposits in human retina: Organization and composition. Exp Eye Res 87:402–408

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Zweifel SA, Spaide RF, Curcio CA, Malek G, Imamura Y (2010) Reticular pseudodrusen are subretinal drusenoid deposits. Ophthalmology 117:303–12.e1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Querques G, Canoui-Poitrine F, Coscas F et al (2012) Analysis of progression of reticular pseudodrusen by spectral domain-optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 53:1264–1270

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Spaide RF, Curcio CA (2010) Drusen characterization with multimodal imaging. Retina 30:1441–1454

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Querques G, Kamami-Levy C, Blanco-Garavito R, GeorgeS A, Pedinielli A, Capuano V, Poulon F, Souied EH (2014) Appearance of medium-large drusen and reticular pseudodrusen on adaptive optics in age-related macular degeneration. Br J Ophthalmol 9:1522–1527

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Roorda A, Duncan JL (2015) Adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy. Annu Rev Vis Sci 1:19–50

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Liang J, Williams DR, Miller DT (1997) Supernormal vision and high-resolution retinal imaging through adaptive optics. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 14:2884–2892

    Article  CAS  PubMed  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. Viggiano P, Costanzo E, Giannini D, Fragiotta S, De Geronimo D, Giorno P, Picconi F, Frontoni S, Varano M, Parravano M (2023) In vivo assessment of associations between photoreceptors structure and macular perfusion in type 1 diabetes. Br J Ophthalmol 107(11):1672–1679

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Li C, Xu F, Zhou L, Zhao H, Yu M, Zhou S, Jin C (2021) Quantitative evaluation of photoreceptor density in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy using the spectralis high magnification module. Photodiagn Photodyn Ther 35:102410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102410

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Vasseur V, Arej N, Alonso AS, Lafolie J, Philibert M, Vignal-Clermont C, MaugetFaÿsse M (2020) Spectralis high magnification module imaging in a case of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 30(19):100727

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Konstantinou EK, Mendonça LSM, Braun P, Monahan KM, Mehta N, Gendelman I, Levine ES, Baumal CR, Witkin AJ, Duker JS, Waleed NK (2020) Retinal imaging using a confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope-based high magnification module. Ophthalmol Retina 5(5):438–449

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Schindelin J, Arganda-Carreras I, Frise E, Kaynig V, Longair M, Pietzsch T et al (2012) Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis. Nat Methods 9:676–682. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.2019

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Mendonça LSM, Braun PX, Martin SM, Hüther A, Mehta N, Zhao Y, Abu-Qamar O, Konstantinou EK, Regatieri CVS, Witkin AJ, Baumal CR, Duker JS, Waheed NK (2020) Repeatability and reproducibility of photoreceptor density measurement in the macula using the spectralis high magnification module. Ophthalmol Retina 4(11):1083–1092

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Mulders TWF, Klevering BJ, Hoyng CB, Theelen T (2021) Computer-assisted photoreceptor assessment on Heidelberg engineering spectralis high magnification modul images. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 259(11):3311–3320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-021-05326-6

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Mrejen S, Sato T, Curcio CA, Spaide RF (2014) Assessing the cone photoreceptor mosaic in eyes with pseudodrusen and soft Drusen in vivo using adaptive optics imaging. Ophthalmology 121(2):545–551

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Forte R, Cennamo G, de Crecchio G, Cennamo G (2014) Microperimetry of subretinal drusenoid deposits. Ophthalmic Res 51(1):32–36

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Zhang Y, Sadda SR, Sarraf D, Swain TA, Clark ME, Sloan KR, Warriner WE, Owsley C (2022) Christine A. Curcio Spatial dissociation of subretinal drusenoid deposits and impaired scotopic and photopic sensivity in AMD. Invest Ophtalmol Vis Sci 63(2):32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Spaide RF (2013) Outer retinal atrophy after regression of subretinal drusenoid deposits as a newly recognized form of late age-related macular degeneration. Retina 33(9):1800–1808. https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0b013e31829c3765

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Park SP, Chung JK, Greenstein V et al (2013) A study of factors affecting the human cone photoreceptor density measured by adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope. Exp Eye Res 108:1–9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Chui TY, Song H, Burns SA (2008) Individual variations in human cone photoreceptor packing density: variations with refractive error. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 49(10):4679–4687

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology, Center Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, University Paris Est Créteil, 40 avenue de Verdun, 94010, Créteil, France

    Djazia El Ghazi, Alexandra Miere, Emanuele Crincoli, Hoang Mai Le & Eric H. Souied

Authors
  1. Djazia El Ghazi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Alexandra Miere
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Emanuele Crincoli
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Hoang Mai Le
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Eric H. Souied
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

DEG and AM contributed to writing the manuscript, and preparing figures. EC contributed to methodology and software; HML and ES contributed to review and editing. All authors reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alexandra Miere.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

No conflicting of interest exists for any author.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Consent to participate

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

El Ghazi, D., Miere, A., Crincoli, E. et al. In vivo cone-photoreceptor density comparison between eyes with subretinal drusenoid deposits and healthy eyes using high magnification imaging. Int Ophthalmol 44, 82 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-024-03023-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-024-03023-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation