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Pupil assessment with a new handheld pupillometer in healthy subjects

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Abstract

Objective

To assess the pupil response with a new handheld pupillometer in healthy subjects.

Methods

Sixty-four eyes of 32 healthy subjects (mean age 21.2 years) were tested. After dark adaptation for 10 min, pupil responses to 1 s red and blue light stimuli at 100 cd/m2 were measured in the order from right to left eyes with a 1 min interval. The initial pupil size (D1, mm), minimum pupil size (D2, mm), and constriction rate (CR, %) were obtained. Intra-examiner reproducibility was examined using the coefficient of variation (CV, %) and the Bland–Altman plot. Inter-examiner consistency was examined using the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and the agreements with a conventional device, by Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r).

Results

The CV of all parameters have high reproducibility in the red (11.0–20.7%) and blue (5.5–12.1%) light stimuli. Bland–Altman plot analysis showed no bias with both light stimuli. “Almost perfect” and “substantial” correlations between the examiners were obtained in the red (ICC = 0.78–0.94) and blue (ICC = 0.71–0.89) light stimuli. “Excellent” and “good” correlations between the devices were obtained, except for the CR parameter in the red (D1: r = 0.90; p < 0.001, D2: 0.72; p < 0.001, and CR: 0.08; p = 0.631, respectively) and blue (D1: r = 0.87; p < 0.001, D2: 0.70; p < 0.001, and CR: 0.19; p = 0.274, respectively) light stimuli.

Conclusion

The novel pupillometer is useful for assessing pupil response. However, because of their different constructions, the CR values cannot be compared directly between the devices.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Robert E. Brandt, Founder, CEO, and CME, of MedEd Japan, for editing and formatting the manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the JSPS KAKENHI (Grant No. 20K12720).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthoptics and Visual Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan

    Ken Asakawa, Mei Imai, Mizuki Ohta, Naomi Kawata, Nanako Kawatsu & Hitoshi Ishikawa

Authors
  1. Ken Asakawa
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  2. Mei Imai
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  3. Mizuki Ohta
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  4. Naomi Kawata
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  5. Nanako Kawatsu
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  6. Hitoshi Ishikawa
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Contributions

All the authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by all the authors. The first draft of the manuscript was written by KA, and all the authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ken Asakawa.

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Conflict of interest

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. LKC Technologies Inc. provided the RETeval device with a custom protocol for this specific research use but had no input in the research planning, performance, or the writing or interpretation of the manuscript.

Ethics approval

This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Kitasato University School of Allied Health Sciences (No.: 2021-023). This study was registered with the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCT1032210258).

Consent to participate

Written informed consent was obtained from all the participants after a complete explanation of the study design and purposes.

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Asakawa, K., Imai, M., Ohta, M. et al. Pupil assessment with a new handheld pupillometer in healthy subjects. Int Ophthalmol 43, 51–61 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-022-02387-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-022-02387-2

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