Abstract
Conventional emphasis on basin-wide water management has often resulted in the formation of transboundary water law on the basin or near basin scale. In Central Asia, however, the Syr Darya Basin possesses an abundance of tributary-level cooperative agreements that guide and codify water sharing and management on the sub-basin scale. To understand the volume and nature of this cooperation, this paper compiled and analyzed a set of agreements that apply to small transboundary tributaries (STTs) in the Syr Darya Basin. The paper assembled the largest collection of STT water agreements—123 in total—and classified such documents according to a range of criteria including: purpose and objectives, water management issues, and operational mechanisms. Results of this work highlight a rise in sub-basin-scale cooperation in the first decade of the twenty-first century, a time when large-scale cooperation appeared tenuous; a practical orientation to transboundary water management at a small scale; and an abundance of treaties of short time duration. These findings present options related to scale, time duration and focus of transboundary water law that can help inform future treaty development.
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Notes
Tributary refers to a non-main-stem river. Sub-basin refers to a broader watershed associated with a tributary.
Notably, the Soviet Republics’ ability to conclude treaties renders them distinct from other federated states, where treaty-making power lies in the hands of the central government (e.g., Austria, Australia, Canada, Germany, USA) or is mainly limited to regulation (e.g., Belgium) (Leonardy 1999).
To accommodate the preferences of those sharing agreements with us, we refrain from naming contacts and organizations from which copies of the documents were obtained.
All but 4 documents were in one of these two languages. Two documents were in Kyrgyz, one was in Tajik, and one was in English.
For example, in a Letter from Kazanskiy—Head of System’s Management for Sokh, Shnel—chief engineer, and Gryazeva—senior water resources engineer, to Bratyshev—provincial water resources department of Ferghana (1947), the group of Tajik representatives expressed their disagreement to the proposed exchange of water sources from BFC to Isfara.
Act, agreement, calculation, decision, instruction, letter, opinion letter, position, prescription, protocol, protocol’s amendment, regulation, schedule water intake, special opinion, table, telegram, and telephonogram.
Young (1999, p. 82) describes generative as “coordinated activities that lead to new understandings of common problems and, often, to new ways of organizing efforts to deal with these problems”; procedural as “arrangements designed to produce collective or social choice regarding matters in which a number of stakeholders have a legitimate interest”; programmatic “involve the development and execution of joint projects in situations where individual actors are not in a position or do not have the resources to carry out important projects alone”; and finally, regulatory as specifying explicit rules to “govern the behavior of subjects in well-defined and recurrent situations.”
If a protocol referred to a primary agreement but the primary agreement could not be obtained, this protocol was treated as an independent unit and not merged with its primary agreement. There were 8 protocols for which this exception was applied. Similarly, one identified amendment was the only available portion of a treaty, and for the purpose of this paper, it was treated as an independent unit.
Number of treaties varied across analyses for reasons that are explained in figure captions.
We used 688 agreements identified by Giordano et al. (2014) as a baseline for our assertion.
This excludes four treaties for which time duration could not be determined.
We used evidence contained in Giordano et al. (2014) as a baseline.
There is nonetheless evidence of time limitation on treaties outside the water sector (see UNCTAD 2013).
Suggestion to focus on alternate scales other than the basin has indeed also been made by Mostert (2009) and Allan (2005). Mostert (2009) suggested that solutions to water quality issues may be best delimited at scales other than basin. Allan (2005) called for use of political economy approaches that look beyond the narrow focus on the river basin.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank Alexander Platonov for conducting the GIS analysis, Firdavs Kabilov and Mariya Pak for participating in collection of primary documents used in the analysis, and Meredith Giordano for providing a preliminary review of this document. The authors would further like to acknowledge that this work was undertaken in the context of a CGIAR Water Land and Ecosystems (WLE) project entitled “Transboundary Water Management.”
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Appendix
Appendix
Title | Signatories | Date |
|---|---|---|
Regulation No. 1051 from 14 July 1939 of the Council of People’s Commissars and Central Committee of the Communist Party of USSR on extending Big Ferghana Canal into the territory of the Tajik SSR | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | 14/07/1939 |
Protocol from the inter-republican meeting on regulating water allocation from Isfara River on the water supply through the Big Ferghana Canal named after Stalin | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | 08–10/04/1946 |
A letter to the Minister of Water Resources of the Uzbek SSR, Comrade Koldayev, the Minister of Water Resources of the Tajik SSR, Comrade Miroshnichenko and the Minister of Water Resources of the Kyrgyz SSR, Comrade Yusupov, from the Deputy Minister for Industrial Crops of the USSR, Kosov—on percentage water allocation of the Isfara River’s stock | Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan | 29/10/1946 |
Table with percentage based water sharing of the factual Isfara River’s flow for Uzbek, Tajik, and Kyrgyz Republics for the month of April 1948, established at the inter-republican meeting | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | 1948 |
Special opinion and proposals on the protocol of inter-republican meeting on water allocation through Isfara River from 08/04/1949 | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | 8/4/1949 |
Protocol of the meeting with the Deputy Head of Glavvodkhoz of the Ministry of Agriculture of the USSR, Comrade V.M. Melnikov, on the issues of allocation of water resources of BFC and Isfara River between Uzbek SSR and Tajik SSR | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | 29–30/05/1957 |
Protocol from 4 May 1961 on the issue of compensation of undelivered water resources to Marhamat district of Andijan province, Uzbek SSR | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 4/5/1961 |
Protocol from 21 July 1961 of the inter-republican and inter-provincial meeting on the issues of water allocation on Isfayramsai and Shakhimardansai | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 21/07/1961 |
Protocol of the inter-republican meeting of the representatives of Kyrgyz and Uzbek SSRs on the issue of allocation of water resources of the Karadarya River system | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 18/07/1962 |
Calculation of allocation of water resources of the Karadarya River system between Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSRs for 21–23 July 1962 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 21/07/1962 |
Calculation of allocation of water resources of Karadarya between Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSRs for 26 July 1962 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 26/07/1962 |
Calculation of allocation of water resources of the Karadarya River system between Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSRs for 27 July 1962 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 27/07/1962 |
Calculation of allocation of water resources of Karadarya between Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSRs for 28 July 1962 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 28/07/1962 |
Calculation of allocation of water resources of the Karadarya River system between Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSRs 29 July 1962 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 29/07/1962 |
Calculation of allocation of water resources of Karadarya between Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSRs for 30 July 1962 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 30/07/1962 |
Calculation of allocation of water resources of Karadarya between Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSRs for 31 July 1962 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 31/07/1962 |
Detailed calculation of allocation of water resources of the Karadarya River System between Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSRs for the period of 24–30 July 1962 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 07/1962 |
Calculation of allocation of water resources of Karadarya between Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSRs for 1 August 1962 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 1/8/1962 |
Calculation of allocation of water resources of Karadarya between Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSRs for 2 August 1962 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 2/8/1962 |
Calculation of allocation of water resources of Karadarya between Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSRs for 4 August 1962 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 4/8/1962 |
Calculation of allocation of water resources of Karadarya between Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSRs for 5 August 1962 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 5/8/1962 |
Calculation of allocation of water resources of Karadarya between Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSRs for 6 August 1962 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 6/8/1962 |
Calculation of allocation of water resources of Karadarya between Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSRs for 8 August 1962 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 8/8/1962 |
Calculation of allocation of water resources of Karadarya between Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSRs for 9 August 1962 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 9/8/1962 |
Calculation of allocation of water resources of Karadarya between Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSRs for 11 August 1962 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 11/8/1962 |
Calculation of allocation of water resources of Karadarya between Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSRs for 12–13 August 1962 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 12/8/1962 |
Calculation of allocation of water resources of Karadarya between Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSRs for 18 August 1962 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 18/08/1962 |
Calculation of allocation of water resources of Karadarya between Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSRs for 21 August 1962 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 21/08/1962 |
Calculation of allocation of water resources of Karadarya between Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSRs for 22 August 1962 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 22/08/1962 |
Calculation of allocation of water resources of Karadarya between Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSRs for 23 August 1962 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 23/08/1962 |
Calculation of allocation of water resources of Karadarya between Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSRs for the period of 24–27 August 1962 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 24/08/1962 |
Calculation of allocation of water resources of the system of Karadarya between Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSR for 28 August 1962 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 28/08/1962 |
Calculation of allocation of water resources of the system of Karadarya between Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSR for 29 August 1962 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 29/08/1962 |
Calculation of allocation of water resources of the system of Karadarya between Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSR for the period of 1–10 September 1962 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 1/9/1962 |
Prescription No. 511-R of the Council of Ministers of the USSR from 13 March 1963 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 13/03/1963 |
Protocol of the inter-republican meeting on the issue of construction of the second stage of Karkidon reservoir | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 20/02/1964 |
Protocol: inter-provincial meeting under Nadjimov F.N.—the Vice-Minister of Water Resources of Uzbek SSR on the review and approval of plans of water allocation from Big Ferghana Canal, South Ferghana Canal, and North Ferghana Canal for 1964 | Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan | 18/06/1964 |
Protocol of the meeting of representatives of Minvodkhoz of Uzbek SSR, Minvodkhoz of Kyrgyz SSR, GosStroy of Kyrgyz SSR, Design Institutes “SredAzGiproVodKhlopok” and “KyrgyzGiproVodkhoz” on issues concerning utilization of water resources of Karadarya together with Andijan reservoir | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 23/09/1965 |
Protocol of the inter-republic meeting on the issue of designing water allocation patterns at the Uch-Kurgan dam on the left-bank Canal | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 13/04/1966 |
Protocol of the inter-republican meeting on regulation of land–water issues between Uzbek SSR and Kyrgyz SSR | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 7/6/1973 |
Protocol of the meeting on the issues of water division on the system of canals—North Ferghana Canal, Big Andijan Canal, Big Ferghana Canal, South Ferghana Canal and Karadarya | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 23/08/1973 |
Protocol #3 from the inter-republican meeting on the issue of water supply to Kirov district of Uzbek SSR from Isfara River and through the Big Ferghana Canal to Tajik SSR. For the period of July 8–26, 1974 | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | 27/07/1974 |
Protocol from the meeting on the issue of water allocation from Isfara River among Tajik, Uzbek, and Kyrgyz SSR | Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan | 31/07/1974 |
Decisions of the meeting of the representatives of Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSR in Frunze | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 6/9/1974 |
Protocol of the meeting on the issue of water allocation from Isfara River among Tajik, Uzbek and Kyrgyz Republics for the non-vegetation period | Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan | 21/11/1974 |
Protocol from the inter-republican meeting on mutual settlement of water calculations through Isfara River to Kirov district of Uzbek SSR and through the Big Ferghana Canal to Tajik SSR | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | 4/8/1975 |
Decision of the meeting of ministers of melioration and water resources of the Uzbek SSR, Tajik SSR, and Kyrgyz SSR on the issue of water allocation of Isfara River | Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan | 12/8/1975 |
Protocol from July 3, 1976 | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | 3/7/1976 |
Decision: meeting of ministers of melioration and water resources of Tajik SSR–Kasymov A. and Kyrgyz SSR–Kojamkulov A. on the issue of sharing Isfara River’s flow | Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan | 20/07/1976 |
Protocol of the interstate discussion on the supply of water through Isfara to Kirov district of Uzbek SSR and through BFC to Tajik SSR | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | 7/7/1977 |
Protocol on mutual calculations of water delivery through Isfara River to Kirov district of Uzbek SSR and through the Big Ferghana Canal to Isfara’s irrigation systems in Tajik SSR, for the period from 01/06/1979 until 03/07/1979 | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | 5/7/1979 |
Protocol on the inter-state allocation of Fergana valley’s small rivers’ flows | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 4/10/1980 |
Protocol from the meeting of ministers of water resources of Uzbek SSR and Kyrgyz SSR with a Participation of the Vice-head of “Glavvodresurs” [main water resources] at the Ministry of Water Resources of USSR on the issue of “allocating rivers’ flows from Isfayram-sai and Shahimardan” | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 16/07/1980 |
Letter from Ahmatkulov S.—Vice Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Ferghana Provincial Council of People’s Deputies, to Alymbekov M.—Vice Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Osh Provincial Council of People’s Deputies and copies to: Ismailov—Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Aravan District Council of People’s Deputies and to Kachkynbayev—Head of the Industrial Department of Water Resources for Osh province | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 26/02/1981 |
Protocol: from the meeting on the inter-republican allocation of Isfara River’s flow for 1981 and consequent years | Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan | 18/05/1981 |
Decadal water allocation for Kyrgyz SSR from Isfara River for the irrigation period of 1982 | Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan | 1982 |
Decadal water allocation—schedule water intake for Kyrgyz SSR from the River Isfara as instructed by the Head of Water Resources Department (GlavVodResursy) of Minvodkhoz of USSR, V.K. Adam and approved by the Deputy Minister of Minvodkhoz of USSR, I.I. Borodavchenko. Sent to Kirov Canal Management | Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan | 28/06/1982 |
Protocol of the technical meeting on issues related to allocation of water resources of Isfara between Uzbek SSR and Tajik SSR | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | 20/06/1989 |
Protocol of the technical meeting on resolving water issues between State Water Committee of the Uzbek SSR and Minvodkhoz of the Kyrgyz SSR | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 22/08/1989 |
Agreement on regulation of allocation of water resources between Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan at the joint consideration of Ferghana and Osh Provincial Water Departments | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 28/08/1989 |
Schedule of reducing limit from Isfara River in Ferghana province on the account of supplying from the Besharyk Pump Station for the vegetation period of 1990 | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | 1990 |
Protocol of the meeting at the Ministry of Melioration and water resources of the Tajik SSR from 28/03/1991 | Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan | 28/03/1991 |
Protocol of the meeting on the allocation of water resources of Isfara River between Uzbek SSR and Tajik SSR | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | 3/4/1991 |
Amendment to the protocol from May 14 of 1991: “decadal, percentage based allocation of Sokh River’s flow between Uzbek and Kyrgyz SSR” | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 14/05/1991 |
Protocol of the meeting on the issues related to the exploitation of Tortgul water reservoir on the River Isfara and water allocation between the Republic of Kyrgyzstan and the Tajik SSR | Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan | 16/05/1991 |
Agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan on cooperation in the field of joint management on utilization and protection of water resources from interstate sources | Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan | 18/02/1992 |
Protocol No. 1 of inter-provincial meeting on the issue of water supply from Isfara River to Besh-Aryk (Kirov) district of Ferghana province and from BFC to Kanibadam district of Leninabad province | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | 22/06/1992 |
Act on transmission-reception of the Big Ferghana Canal and other supplementary means from picket 2495 to picket 2540 + 90 | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | 27/01/1998 |
Agreement among the governments of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic and the Republic of Uzbekistan on joint and integrated use of water and energy resources of the Naryn-Syr Darya cascade of water reservoirs in 1998 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan | 17/03/1998 |
Protocol of the extraordinary meeting of the Inter-State Commission for Water Coordination (ICWC) | Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan | 9/7/1999 |
Protocol of the meeting between the Working Groups of the Republic of Tajikistan and Kazakhstan | Tajikistan, Kazakhstan | 21/07/2000 |
Protocol of the technical meeting of the Representatives of the Water Management Organizations of Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Syr Darya BWO | Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan | 23/07/2000 |
Protocol of the joint technical meeting on providing the uninterrupted work of the pump stations ‘Mahram-0’, ‘Mahram-1’ and drawdown of the Kayrakum reservoir up to the mark of 340.0 | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | 8/11/2000 |
Protocol from the joint technical meeting on the integrated use of water resources in the Syr Darya river basin during the vegetation period of 2001 | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | 13/02/2001 |
Protocol # 29: meeting of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, the Republic of Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan at the Interstate Commission for Water Coordination (ICWC) | Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan | 12–13/04/2001 |
Protocol of the negotiations between the delegation of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Tajikistan on the regulation of the water availability to the water users in the Syr Darya basin | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | 23/05/2001 |
Protocol of the meeting for establishing the operation regime of the Kayrakum reservoir for the period from June 19 through July 1 of 2001 | Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan | 19/06/2001 |
Protocol of the meeting for establishing the operation regime of the Kayrakum reservoir for the period from August 3 through August 14 of 2001 | Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan | 2/8/2001 |
Agreement: between the government of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan on the cooperation in the field of the rational use of water-energy resources in 2002 | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | 2002 |
Schedule of water intake from the mechanized canal Hodjabakirgan by the Lyaylyak district in 2002 | Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan | 2002 |
Agreement: between the government of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the government of the Republic of Tajikistan on the cooperation in the field of the rational use of water-energy resources in 2003 | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | 3/3/2003 |
Protocol of the joint consideration of issues of providing uninterrupted work of the pump stations Mahram-0, Mahram-1, and drawdown of kayrakum reservoir to the mark of 340.5 m in the vegetation period of 2003 | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | 17/04/2003 |
Agreement: between the government of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the government of the Republic of Tajikistan on the cooperation in the field of the rational use of water and energy resources in 2004 | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | 29/12/2003 |
Schedule of water intake from the river Ak-bura for Andijan province of Uzbekistan for the Vegetation period of 2004 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 2004 |
Schedule of water intake from the river Aravansai for Andijan province of Uzbekistan for the vegetation period of 2004 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 2004 |
Schedule of water intake of Kyrgyzstan from Savai Canal for the period of March–November 2004 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 2004 |
Schedule of water intake from the canal “Suzak” for Pakhtaabad district of Andijan province of Uzbekistan for the vegetation period of 2004 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 16/04/2004 |
Plan-schedule of limit of water of the Kyrgyz Republic in the account of 13 % of the factual volume of karkidon water reservoir for the vegetation period of 2004 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 14/04/2004 |
Schedule water intake from Andijan water reservoir through Right-Bank Kampyravat Canal for the Suzak district of Jalalabad province of Kyrgyzstan and Kurgantepa district of Andijan province of Uzbekistan for the vegetation period of 2004 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 16/04/2004 |
Schedule of water allocation on South Ferghana Canal for the period 2004 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 19/04/2004 |
Schedule water intake from the river Maylisai for Pakhtaabad district of Andijan province of Uzbekistan for the vegetation period of 2004 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 16/04/2004 |
Schedule of water intake from the Andijan reservoir through Right-Bank Kampyravat canal for the Suzak district of Jalalabad province of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan and the Kurgantepa district of Andijan province of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the vegetation period of 2005 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 2005 |
Schedule of water intake for the Pakhtaabad district of Andijan province of Uzbekistan from the river Maylisai for the vegetation period of 2005 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 2005 |
Schedule of water intake for the Pakhtaabad district of Andijan province of Uzbekistan from canal “Suzak” for the vegetation period of 2005 | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 2005 |
Agreement: between the government of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the government of the Republic of Tajikistan on the cooperation in the field of the rational use of water and energy for the period of February 2005 to April of 2006 | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | 10/2/2005 |
Protocol on the joint regulation of water discharges through water intake structures from Syr Darya River for the vegetation period of 2006 | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | 24/06/2006 |
Protocol of the negotiations of the delegates of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Republic of Tajikistan | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | 26/12/2006 |
Protocol among the Committee on Water Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Ministry of Melioration and Water Resources of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the cooperation in the sphere of the rational use of water resources of the Kayrakum reservoir in 2007 | Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan | 18/05/2007 |
Protocol on cooperation in the field of rational utilization of water and energy resources between the government of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the government of the Republic of Tajikistan for 2008 | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | 28/12/2007 |
Plan-schedule of water intake from the pump station “Drujba” in the river Naryn for the vegetation period of 2008 for the Pakhtaabad district of Andijan province of the Republic of Uzbekistan | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 2008 |
Plan-schedule of water intake from the river Maylisai for the vegetation period of 2008 for the Pakhtaabad district of Andijan province of the Republic of Uzbekistan | Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan | 2008 |
Protocol on the cooperation for maximum utilization of water resources of the Kayrakum reservoir for the period 2008 signed by the Committee of Water Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Ministry of Melioration and Water Resources of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan | Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan | 11/4/2008 |
Protocol: regional meeting of Managers of the Water Resources and Fuel-energy Sectors of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan Republic, Tajikistan Republic and the Republic of Uzbekistan on the issues of using water-energy and fuel resources in the Naryn-Syr Darya River basin in 2008 and the 1st quarter of 2009 | Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan | 30/04/2008 |
Protocol among the Committee for Water Resources of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Ministry of Melioration and Water Resources of the Republic of Tajikistan, and the Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan, on the use of water resources of the Kayrakum reservoir in July–August of 2008 | Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan | 17/07/2008 |
Protocol of the second meeting of the Joint Tajik-Uzbek Commission on the issues of Trade-Economic Cooperation (water and energy related section—on rational utilization of water and energy resources) | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | 18/02/2009 |
Instruction on joint exploitation of the head water-works facility of Machai (Aktatyr) Canal | Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan | 18/06/2009 |
Protocol of the joint meeting of the Heads of Departments for Water Resources of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan on the issue of utilization of water and energy resources of the Syr Darya River basin for the period of second half of July and August of 2010 | Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan | 15/07/2010 |
Opinion on the issue of eliminating unfavorable natural meliorative conditions in the territory of Isfara-Lyakkan depression | Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan | Unknown |
“Telegram from Rasulov K.—Head of the Ferghana’s Provincial Department of Irrigation Systems and from Negmatov—Head of the Provincial Production Management of Irrigation Systems for Leninabad province, to Alyonin—at the Ministry of Water Resources of USSR” | Uzbekistan, Tajikistan | Unknown |
Position on the Working Group on examining bilateral issues on use of water resources between the Kyrgyz Republic and the Republic of Tajikistan | Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan | Unknown |
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Holmatov, B., Lautze, J. & Kazbekov, J. Tributary-level transboundary water law in the Syr Darya: overlooked stories of practical water cooperation. Int Environ Agreements 16, 873–907 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10784-015-9308-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10784-015-9308-3