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A Quantum Dialogue Reduced by half Unitary Operations

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Abstract

Quantum dialogue (QD) can enable two communicants to exchange their secrets in an unconditionally secure way without pre-shared keys. However, existent QD protocols generally work in a mode that both communicants are required to exercise unitary operations for QD. And their information-theoretical efficiencies (ITE) are also basically 50%. This work proposes a new concept of unilateral unitary operation to realize QD. That is, only one communicant performing unitary operation can implement QD as well, thus reducing half unitary operations. So the proposed method both reduces cost and increases efficiency. It neither damages the QD security nor leaks information to attackers. Moreover, it makes the ITE up to a rare 66.67%. Mere single-photons are necessary here, whose preparation and measurement can be easily implemented with current techniques. Therefore, the proposed QD protocol is of good practicability and can be thought of as a potent alternative for QD.

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Acknowledgements

The author Lang Yan-Feng thanks Daughter Lang Duo-Zi for her support on this work.

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  1. School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou, 310018, People’s Republic of China

    Yan-Feng Lang

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Lang, YF. A Quantum Dialogue Reduced by half Unitary Operations. Int J Theor Phys 62, 50 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10773-023-05323-x

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