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Effect of Resistance Bridge Current Frequency on Metal Fixed-Point Temperature Measurements

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Abstract

The International Temperature Scale of 1990 (ITS-90) is commonly expressed in terms of the ratio of the resistance of a standard platinum resistance thermometer (SPRT) to the resistance at the triple point of water. Most high-precision thermometry relies on the alternating current (AC) method due to its manifold practical benefits. However, there are some negative consequences of using AC methods, and it is of particular interest to quantify the effect of the measuring current frequency on the realized temperature of the ITS-90 fixed points. In this work, the effect of the measuring current frequency was investigated by measuring the differences between the AC and direct current (DC) resistance ratios at various fixed-point temperatures. Two AC at 30 Hz and 90 Hz and one DC at a reversal frequency of 3 Hz were used to measure the resistance ratios at four ITS-90 metal fixed points, namely, mercury, water, zinc, and silver; seven SPRTs having different nominal resistances (e.g., 0.25 Ω, 0.6 Ω, 2.5 Ω, and 25 Ω) were employed to explore the effect of frequency on the measured resistance ratio. It was found that the frequency dependence was most noticeable at the freezing point of silver where the insulation leakage and its transient dielectric polarization were expected to manifest themselves the most significantly. For other fixed points, the frequency dependence was found to be insignificant, implying that under normal conditions the benefits of the AC measurements can be fully utilized without affecting the calibration uncertainties of the tested types of SPRTs.

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Data Availability

All the raw data are available (if requested).

Abbreviations

I :

Magnitude of the measuring current

G :

Gain

R :

Resistance

t :

Temperature

U :

Expanded uncertainty

V :

Voltage

W :

Resistance ratio with respect to the resistance at the triple point of water (Rt/RTPW)

X :

Resistance ratio with respect to the resistance of the reference resistor (Rt/Rref

1:

Operating condition for resistance ratio measurements

2:

Similarity condition for nonlinearity measurements

T :

Temperature to be measured

TPW:

Triple point of water

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Paul Bramley (Metrosol Limited) for suggesting a method of assessing nonlinearities of resistance bridges operating at different reference resistances and carrier currents than 100 Ω and 1 mA, respectively. The authors gratefully acknowledge constructive criticism from the anonymous reviewers, which improved the manuscript immeasurably. This work was supported by the Pukyong National University Research Fund in 2019 (C-D-2019-1534).

Funding

This work was supported by the Pukyong National University Research Fund in 2019 (C-D-2019-1534).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea

    Wukchul Joung

  2. Department of Smart Robot Convergence and Application Engineering, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea

    Wukchul Joung

  3. Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea

    Hyungkew Lee

  4. National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, TW11 0LW, Middlesex, UK

    Jonathan V. Pearce

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  1. Wukchul Joung
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  2. Hyungkew Lee
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Correspondence to Wukchul Joung.

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Joung, W., Lee, H. & Pearce, J.V. Effect of Resistance Bridge Current Frequency on Metal Fixed-Point Temperature Measurements. Int J Thermophys 42, 112 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10765-021-02863-4

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