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Ranging Behavior of Wild Silvery Lutungs (Trachypithecus cristatus) in the Coastal Forest of West Sumatra, Indonesia

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Abstract

Ranging behavior, including home range use and daily travel distance, provides valuable information on the behavioral responses of primates to their habitats. We evaluated the ranging behavior of wild silvery lutungs (Trachypithecus cristatus) inhabiting a coastal forest in West Sumatra, Indonesia, for 614 h over 15 months in 2018–2021, focusing on the relationships between ranging behavior and activity budgets, dietary composition, and food availability. The annual home range was 8.1 ha (minimum convex polygon) and 11.7 ha (95% kernel), and the mean (± standard deviation [SD]) daily travel distance was 926 ± 385 m. Daily travel distance showed a positive correlation with percent resting and negative correlations with percent feeding and moving. Furthermore, daily travel distance was correlated positively with percent young leaf feeding and negatively with percent mature leaf feeding, ripe fruit feeding, and dietary diversity. In contrast, home range size did not vary significantly across the study period, and we found few significant correlations between home range size and dietary composition or activity budget. The longer daily travel distances in food scarce season are likely due to the lutungs needing to travel further to find trees bearing young leaves. We conclude that the silvery lutungs’ ranging behavior is linked to their high-risk, high-return strategy.

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Acknowledgments

We thank the local people of Gunung Padang for their cooperation and for providing accommodation during the fieldwork, the staff of Herbarium ANDA, Andalas University for their assistance with plant identification, Try Surya Harapan and Alitha Mas Juanes for their assistance with ranging data collection at the study site, Vovi Ratna Qori for helping with field data recap from the study site, Mr. K. Imai for helping with home-range analyses, and a handling editor and two anonymous reviewers for giving constructive comments and suggestions to draft. This study was financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of Indonesia (PMDSU – Kemdikbudristek), the Cooperative Research Fund of Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, KAKENHI (Nos. 15H05242 and 16K18619), JSPS Bilateral Open Partnership Joint Research, Future Development Funding Program of Kyoto University Research Coordination Alliance, and JSPS Core-to-Core Program (A. Advanced Research Networks).

Funding

Ministry of Education,Culture, Research, and Technology of Indonesia, The Cooperative Research Fund of Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,15H05242, Yamato Tsuji, 16K18619, Yamato Tsuji, Bilateral Open Partnership Joint Research,Yamato Tsuji, Future Development Funding Program of Kyoto University Research Coordination Alliance, Yamato Tsuji, Core-to-Core Program (A. Advanced Research Networks), Yamato Tsuji

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia

    Muhammad Azhari Akbar, Dyah Perwitasari-Farajallah & Kanthi Arum Widayati

  2. Biology Department, Faculty of Forestry and Sciences, Universitas Lancang Kuning, Pekanbaru, Riau, Indonesia

    Muhammad Azhari Akbar

  3. Primate Research Centre, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia

    Dyah Perwitasari-Farajallah

  4. Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Andalas University, Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia

    Rizaldi & Thoriq Alfath Febriamansyah

  5. Conservation of Forest Resources and Ecotourism Department, Faculty of Forestry, IPB University, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia

    Ani Mardiastuti

  6. Yayasan Ekosistem Lestari, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia

    Muhammad Ikhsan

  7. Department of Science and Engineering, Faculty of Biosciences, Ishinomaki Senshu University, Ishinomaki, Miyagi, Japan

    Yamato Tsuji

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Contributions

MAA performed the fieldwork, analysed the data, and wrote the MS. YT developed methodology, analysed the data, and provided advises. Other authors (AF, MI, KAW, DPF, R, and AM) provided editorial advises.

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Correspondence to Yamato Tsuji.

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While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we actively worked to promote gender balance in our reference list. The author list includes contributors from the location where the research was conducted, who participated in study conception, study design, data collection, analysis, and/or interpretation of the findings.

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Handling Editor: Joanna (Jo) M. Setchell

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Akbar, M.A., Perwitasari-Farajallah, D., Rizaldi et al. Ranging Behavior of Wild Silvery Lutungs (Trachypithecus cristatus) in the Coastal Forest of West Sumatra, Indonesia. Int J Primatol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-024-00425-7

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