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Hunting Pressure on Primates in Veun Sai-Siem Pang National Park, Cambodia

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Abstract

Approximately 60% of primate species are threatened with extinction, primarily due to hunting and habitat loss. To alleviate primate hunting pressure an understanding of human–nonhuman primate interactions is required. Six confirmed primate species inhabit Veun Sai-Siem Pang National Park (VSSP) in Cambodia, a part of the Indo-Burma hotspot. Local people in the surrounding villages rely on the national park for food, traditional medicine, and income. Illegal logging frequently occurs in the park and in recent years there has been an increase in the use of homemade guns for hunting; however, the hunting pressure on primates remains unknown. We investigated the current hunting pressure on primate species within the park using semi-structured interviews with local people in five villages adjacent to VSSP. All participants were 18 yr or older and identified as the head of the family and/or the primary resource collector. Of the 96 participants we interviewed, 64% were current hunters with 38% of these targeting primates. The pygmy slow loris (Nycticebus pygmaeus) is the most frequently hunted, sold and sought-after primate species in VSSP and is used in traditional medicine. The most wanted primate for a pet is the northern yellow-cheeked crested gibbon (Nomascus annamensis). Despite this, N. annamensis is rarely hunted in VSSP, reportedly due to a lack of suitable hunting equipment. We suggest that the importance of hunting primates for local communities and the potential impacts on these communities from conservation actions must be understood, and the potential impacts mitigated, for primate conservation plans to be effective.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the General Department of Administration for Nature Conservation and Protection, Ministry of Environment, Cambodia (Letter number 409) for permission to conduct this research. Thank you to Conservation International (CI) – Greater Mekong, for their support and advice in Cambodia, with a special thanks to Mr. Naven Hon, and to Dr. Jackson Frechette for his valuable comments on our manuscript. We thank the local guides/translators and all participants in the survey, and the Statistical Consulting Unit at the Australian National University for their advice regarding analyses. We would like to thank the people of I Tub, Backae, Kapin, Talae, and Kang Nuok villages for their generous hospitality throughout the study. We thank the editor and anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. Funding for this research was provided by the Australian National University Research Training Scheme, Primate Action Fund (grant no. 5094.006-0176), Primate Conservation, Incorporated (grants no. 1461 and no. 1520) and the Margot Marsh Biodiversity Foundation (grant no. PR17-036).

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    Sarah J. McGrath & Alison M. Behie

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AMB originally formulated the idea, SJM and AMB developed methodology, SJM conducted fieldwork, analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript. AMB edited the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sarah J. McGrath.

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McGrath, S.J., Behie, A.M. Hunting Pressure on Primates in Veun Sai-Siem Pang National Park, Cambodia. Int J Primatol 42, 563–588 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-021-00219-1

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