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Effects of Habitat Quality and Seasonality on Ranging Patterns of Collared Brown Lemur (Eulemur collaris) in Littoral Forest Fragments

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Abstract

Degraded forest habitats typically show low fruit availability and scattered fruit tree distribution. This has been shown to force frugivorous primates either to move further in search of food, resulting in large home ranges, or to use energy saving strategies. Malagasy lemurs are known to face pronounced seasonality and resource unpredictability, which is amplified by the overall reduction in food availability due to the human-driven habitat disturbance on the island. To explore lemur flexibility to habitat disturbance, we examined the ranging behavior of collared brown lemurs (Eulemur collaris) in two differently degraded fragments of littoral forest of southeastern Madagascar. We collected data from February 2011 to January 2012 on two groups living in a degraded area and two groups living in a less disturbed forest. We calculated annual ranges, monthly ranges, and daily distance traveled. We then ran repeated measures ANOVAs using seasonality as dichotomous, intrasubject factor and site/group as intersubject nested factors. In the degraded forest, the lemurs had larger monthly ranges, and their annual ranges were either fragmented or characterized by multiple core areas. They were able to use a habitat mosaic that also included nonforested areas and swamps. In addition, they shortened their daily path length, possibly to preserve energy, and used different areas of their annual home ranges seasonally. Although a number of possible confounding factors may have been responsible for the observed differences between sites, our findings highlight the ranging flexibility of collared brown lemurs in littoral forest fragments.

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Acknowledgments

This work was conducted under the collaboration agreement with the Department of Animal Biology and Anthropology of the University of Antananarivo and QIT Madagascar Minerals (QMM). This research was supported by the Rufford Small Grant Foundation. We thank the Madagascar Institute for the Conservation of Tropical Environments (MICET), the Association of Managers of Forests of Ambatoatsinana (FIMPIA), the Mandena Management Committee (COGEMA), and the Ministère des Eaux et Forets for their collaboration and permission to work in Madagascar. We thank Aristide Andrianarimisa for his help during this research. We are also grateful to Silvana Borgognini for her support in the early stages of this research and to Lauren Lansdowne and Rachel Sawyer for the language revision of this manuscript. We acknowledge the QMM biodiversity staff, especially Jean-Baptiste Ramanamanjato, Manon Vincelette, Johny Rabenantoandro, Christophe Rambolamanana, Laza Andriamandimbiarisoa, David Rabehevitra, Sylvio Angelico, Claude Soanary, and the field assistants (Kadofa, Josette, Faris, Philemon, Germain, Crescent) at Mandena and Ste. Luce. Joanna Setchell and two anonymous reviewers provided key suggestions and feedbacks that greatly improved this manuscript.

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  1. Nocturnal Primate Research Group, Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, U.K.

    Marco Campera & Michela Balestri

  2. Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56126, Pisa, Italy

    Marco Campera, Valentina Serra, Michela Balestri & Marta Barresi

  3. Department of Animal Biology, University of Antananarivo, BP 906, Antananarivo, Madagascar

    Murielle Ravaolahy

  4. QIT Madagascar Minerals, Rio Tinto, BP 225, Tolagnaro, Madagascar

    Faly Randriatafika

  5. Nocturnal Primate Research Group, Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, OX3 0BP, U.K.

    Giuseppe Donati

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Campera, M., Serra, V., Balestri, M. et al. Effects of Habitat Quality and Seasonality on Ranging Patterns of Collared Brown Lemur (Eulemur collaris) in Littoral Forest Fragments. Int J Primatol 35, 957–975 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10764-014-9780-6

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