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Super-Compact 28/38 GHz 4-Port MIMO Antenna Using Metamaterial-Inspired EBG Structure with SAR Analysis for 5G Cellular Devices

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Abstract

Maintaining the compact form of 5G smartphones while accommodating millimeter-wave (mm-wave) bands is a significant challenge due to the substantial frequency difference. To address this issue, we’ve introduced an super-compact 4-port dual-band multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) antenna that utilizes a metamaterial-inspired electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure. This design minimizes mutual coupling (MC) and handles a wide frequency range effectively. The 4-port MIMO antenna is constructed on a Rogers TMM4 substrate, with overall dimensions of 17.76 × 17.76 mm². It incorporates four planar patch antennas positioned at the corners, arranged perpendicularly to each other. Each antenna element is designed for dual-band operation at 28/38 GHz, featuring a rectangular patch with four rectangular slots and a full ground plane. The gap between these patches measures 0.5 λo, and an EBG is included to minimize MC among the MIMO antenna elements efficiently and cost-effectively. Both simulation and measurement results show a substantial reduction in mutual coupling between the array elements, ranging from −25 to −90 dB. Consequently, this enhances the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) and improves the total active reflection coefficient (TARC), mean effective gain (MEG), and diversity gain (DG). An in-depth time-domain analysis is proposed to confirm the radiation efficiency of the proposed MIMO antenna design. Furthermore, specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis affirms the suitability of this MIMO antenna for 5G cellular devices operating within the target frequency band.

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Acknowledgements

The authors express their gratitude to the New Damietta Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology (NDETI), Damietta, Egypt, as well as the University Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) and the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) of Malaysia for their support in this project.

Funding

The authors express their gratitude to the New Damietta Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology (NDETI), Damietta, Egypt, as well as the University Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM) and the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) of Malaysia for their support in this project.

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  1. Electronic and Communication Department, Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology in New Damietta, Damietta, 34517, Egypt

    Rania Hamdy Elabd

  2. Electronic and Communication Department, Horus University, New Damietta, Egypt

    Rania Hamdy Elabd

  3. Center for Telecommunication Research & Innovation (CeTRI), Faculty of Electronics and Computer Technology and Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM), Jalan Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal, 76100, Melaka, Malaysia

    Ahmed Jamal Abdullah Al-Gburi

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Elabd, R.H., Al-Gburi, A.J.A. Super-Compact 28/38 GHz 4-Port MIMO Antenna Using Metamaterial-Inspired EBG Structure with SAR Analysis for 5G Cellular Devices. J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves 45, 35–65 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10762-023-00959-6

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