Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Corrosion study of steels exposed over five years to the humid tropical atmosphere of Panama

  • Published:
Hyperfine Interactions Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The results of assessing five-year corrosion of low-carbon and conventional weathering steels exposed to the Panamanian tropical atmosphere is presented. Two different test sites, one in Panama City: 5 km from the shoreline of the Pacific Ocean, and another in the marine environment of Fort Sherman, Caribbean coast of Panama; namely, Fort Sherman Coastal site: 100 m from coastline. The corrosion products, formed in the skyward and earthward faces in the studied tropical environment, were mainly identified using room temperature and low temperature (15 K) Mössbauer spectroscopy, and ATR-FTIR. In all samples, lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) and goethite (α-FeOOH) were the main constituents. Some maghemite (γ-Fe2 O 3), was also identified in Tocumen by Mössbauer spectroscopy and traces of feroxyhyte (δ-FeOOH) using ATR-FTIR. The corrosion rate values obtained are discussed in light of the atmospheric exposure conditions and atmospheric pollutants.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Pourbaix, M.: Tournée d’etde de la CEFA, Corrosion atmosph’erique des aciers patinables. Rapport Technique 217, Ed. CEBELCOR, Bruxelles, pp. 18–32 (1973)

  2. Alexander, A.L., Forgenson, B.W., Mumdt, H.W., Southwell, C.R., Thompson, S.J.: NRL Report 4929 corrosion of metals in tropical environments, part-1 test methods used and result obtained for pure metals and a structural steel. Washington D.C. (1957)

  3. Southwell, C.R., Forgeson, B.W., Alexander, A.L.: NRL Report 5002, corrosion of metals in tropical environments, part-2 atmospheric corrosion of ten structural steels. Washington D.C. (1957)

  4. Morcillo, M., Almeida, E., Rosales, B., Uruchurtu, J., Marrocos, M.: Corrosión y Protección de Metales en las Atmósferas de Iberoamérica. Parte I: Mapas de Iberoamérica de Corrosividad Atmosférica (Red Temática MICAT XV.1/CYTED). CYTED, Madrid (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Morcillo, M., Almeida, E., Fragata, F., Panossian, Z.: Corrosión y Protección de Metales en las Atmósferas de Iberoamérica. Parte II: Protección Anticorrosiva de Metales en las Atmósferas de Iberoamérica (Red Temática PATINA, XV.D/CYTED). CYTED, Madrid (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Jaén, J.A., Fernández, B.: Mössbauer spectroscopy study of steel corrosion in a tropical marine atmosphere. Electrochem. Acta 34, 885–886 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Jaén, J.A., Sánchez de Villalaz, M., de Araque, L., de Bósquez, A.: Kinetics and structural studies of the atmospheric corrosion of carbon steels in Panama. Hyperfine Interact. 110, 93–99 (1997)

  8. Jaén, J.A., Sánchez de Villalaz, M., de Araque, L., de Hernández, C., de Bósquez, A.: Study of the corrosion products formed on carbon steels in the tropical atmosphere of Panama. Rev. Metal. Madrid Vol. Extr. 32–37 (2003)

  9. Jaén, J.A., Garibaldi, G.: Estudio del Efecto Estacional sobre la Corrosión Atmosférica Inicial de Aceros de Bajo Carbono en la Ciudad de Panamá. Tecnociencia 6(2), 137–152 (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Jaén, J.A., Araque, L.: de: Caracterización de los Productos de Corrosión de Aceros al Carbono en el Clima Tropical Marino de Sherman (Provincia de Colón, Panamá). Tecnociencia 8(1), 49–63 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Jaén, J.A., Muñóz, A., Justavino, J, Hernández, C.: Characterization of initial atmospheric corrosion of conventional weathering steels and a mild steel in a tropical atmosphere. Hyperfine Interact. 192(1), 51–59 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Jaén, J.A., Iglesias, J., Hernández, C.: Analysis of short-term steel corrosion products formed in tropical marine environments of Panama. Int. J. Corrosion 2012, Article ID 162729, 11 pages (2012). doi:10.1155/2012/162729

  13. ISO 9223:2012: Corrosion of metals and alloys, Corrosivity of atmospheres. Classification, 2012. ISO 9223, Corrosion of Metal and Alloys—Classification of Corrosivity of Atmospheres, International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (2012)

  14. ISO 9226:2012: Corrosivity of atmospheres—determination of corrosion rate of standard specimens for the evaluation of corrosivity. International Standards Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (2012)

  15. Passano, R.F.: Proceedings of the symposium on the outdoor wheathering of metals and metalic coating. Philadelfia (1934)

  16. Pourbaix, M.: The linear bilogarithmic law for atmospheric corrosion. In: Aylor, W.H. (ed.) Atmospheric Corrosion, pp 107–121. Wiley, New York (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Raman, A., Kuban, B., Razvan, A.: The application of infrared spectroscopy to the study of atmospheric rust systems—I. Standard spectra and illustrative applications to identify rust phases in natural atmospheric corrosion products. Corros. Sci. 32(12), 1295–1306 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. De Souza, P.A. Jr., Demacêdo, M.C.S., De Queiro, R.S., Klingelhöfer. G.K.: Atmospheric corrosion investigation in industrial, marine and rural environments in South-East Brazil. Hyperfine Interact. 139/140, 183–191 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Ocampo, C.L.M., Mattos, O.R., Margarit-Mattos, I. C. P., Fabris, J.D., Pereira, M.C., Rechenberg, H.R., de Faria, D.L.A.: Influence of Cu and Ni on the morphology and composition of the rust layer of steels exposed to industrial environment. Hyperfine Interact. 167, 739–746 (2006)

  20. Li, Q.X., Wang, Z.Y., Han, W., Han, E.H.: Characterization of the rust formed on weathering steel exposed to Qinghai salt lake atmosphere. Corros. Sci. 50, 365–371 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. Murad, E., Johnston, J.H.: Iron oxides and oxyhydroxides. In: Long, G.J., Murata, T. (eds.) Mössbauer Spectroscopy Applied to Inorganic Chemistry, pp 507–582. Plenum Press, New York (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Oh, S.J., Cook, D.C., Townsend, H.E.: Characterization of iron oxides commonly formed as corrosion products on steel. Hyperfine Interact. 112, 59–65 (1998)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. Marco, J.F., Gracia, M., Gancedo, J.R., Martín-Luengo, M.A., Joseph, G.: Characterization of the corrosion products formed on carbon steel after exposure to the open atmosphere in the Antarctic and Easter Island. Corros. Sci. 42, 753–771 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Cook, D.C.: Spectroscopic identification of protective and non-protective corrosion coatings on steel structures in marine environments. Corros. Sci. 47(10), 2550–2570 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Kamimura, T., Hara, S., Miyuki, H., Yamashita, M., Uchida, H.: Composition and protective ability of rust layer formed on weathering steel exposed to various environments. Corros. Sci. 48, 2799–2812 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Química Física, Edificio de Laboratorios Científicos-VIP, Panama, Panamá

    Juan A. Jaén

  2. Laboratorio de Análisis Industriales y Ciencias Ambientales, Panama, Panamá

    Josefina Iglesias

Authors
  1. Juan A. Jaén
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Josefina Iglesias
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Juan A. Jaén.

Additional information

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Proceedings of the 15th Latin American Conference on the Applications of the Mössbauer Effect (LACAME 2016), 13–18 November 2016, Panama City, Panama

Edited by Juan A. Jaén

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jaén, J.A., Iglesias, J. Corrosion study of steels exposed over five years to the humid tropical atmosphere of Panama. Hyperfine Interact 238, 37 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10751-017-1416-8

Download citation

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10751-017-1416-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation