Abstract
The discovery of animal genetic (mostly also cryptic) species has known an exponential increase since molecular techniques became available. Also in non-marine ostracods (small, bivalved crustaceans with an excellent fossil record), several morphospecies have been shown to comprise several genetic species. Here, we screen 13 populations from Central Europe and the circum-Mediterranean region of the halophilic continental ostracod species Heterocypris salina with DNA sequences from a mitochondrial (COI) and a nuclear (28S) marker. We apply four species delimitation methods to show that this nominal species consists of four genetic species in both DNA datasets, and that these two sets of genetic species show mitonuclear discordance. Most investigated specimens belonged to one of these four genetic species. There was no clear correlation between geographic and genetic distances, but we found that, apart from historical processes, environmental factors such as ecoregion, seasonality and salinity might have been important drivers shaping discrete genetic diversity. Following the palaeontological literature, the H. salina species cluster is at least 11–9 Myr old.
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
References
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge Patrycja Firkowska (Gdansk), Federico Marrone (University of Palermo), Łukasz Namiotko (Gdansk) and Jerzy Sell (University of Gdansk) for their efforts to collect samples of Heterocypris salina used in this study.
Funding
This research received support from the SYNTHESYS + project, contract no. SEP-210489579, financed by the H2020 Research Infrastructures Program (attributed to A.K. and T.N.), the Polish National Science Centre (NCN) grant no. 2017/01/X/NZ8/02083 (attributed to A.K.), and from the internal grant of University of Gdansk no. 531-D200-D895-23 (attributed to T.N.). V.P. acknowledges financial support by the University of Undine for her research project: “Molecular screening of the ostracod Heterocypris incongruens (Crustacea, Ostracoda) as a pilot project to develop an ecotoxicological development kit”.
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AK: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, resources, funding acquisition, investigation, methodology, project administration, visualisation, writing—original draft, writing—review & editing. IS: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, funding acquisition, investigation, methodology, writing—original draft, writing—review & editing. AW: resources, formal analysis. VP: resources, investigation, funding acquisition. AK-Z: investigation. KP: investigation. KM: resources, funding acquisition, conceptualization, writing—original draft, writing—review & editing. TN: conceptualization, formal analysis, funding acquisition, methodology, investigation, resources, writing—original draft.
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Kilikowska, A., Schön, I., Wysocka, A. et al. Multiple genetic species in a halophilic non-marine ostracod (Crustacea). Hydrobiologia 851, 2447–2467 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-023-05469-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-023-05469-z