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Summer and autumn movement ecology of native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in urban headwater streams of Eastern North America

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Abstract

Urban streams are impacted by multiple anthropogenic environmental stressors that exert considerable pressure on resident fish populations. Species such as brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) are particularly vulnerable because urban environments typically limit the cold oxygenated water required by all life stages. To understand factors associated with native brook trout movement in urban streams, we monitored 20 radio-tagged individuals from late summer through the spawning season in autumn, and modelled how movement was influenced by body size and habitat. Tracking occurred in two adjacent streams that differed in forest cover and channelization. In both streams, brook trout mainly travelled upstream, particularly at the onset of the autumn spawning season. Larger individuals exhibited greater movements, and habitat complexity imposed stronger effects in larger individuals. Greater movements were made into locations of shallower depth and lower conductivity, although these factors were conflated with movement into upstream locations. This study addresses a fundamental knowledge gap in urban stream ecology by providing detailed information on the movement of a key indicator species of aquatic ecosystem health.

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The authors confirm that data supporting the findings of this study will be made available upon reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by an Ontario Graduate Scholarship (OGS) to SGB and a National Science and Engineering Council Discovery Grant to MGF, as well as funding from the Ontario Federation of Anglers and Hunters (OFAH) and 20 public donors to the Fund and Follow a Fish program via the Peterborough Field Naturalists (PFN), which subsidized the cost of the radio-tags. We thank J. Cotton, S. Degasparro, J. Gobin, T. Liang, S. McCallum, A. Myette, P. Silk, and M. Wheeler for field assistance during electrofishing and radiotelemetry events, as well as comments from D. Beresford which greatly improved an earlier version of this manuscript.

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  1. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Freshwater Institute, 501 University Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N6, Canada

    Lee F. G. Gutowsky

  2. Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9J 0G2, Canada

    Lee F. G. Gutowsky & Scott G. Blair

  3. Institute of Environmental and Interdisciplinary Science and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada

    Steven J. Cooke

  4. School of the Environment and Department of Biology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9J 0G2, Canada

    Michael G. Fox

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Gutowsky, L.F.G., Blair, S.G., Cooke, S.J. et al. Summer and autumn movement ecology of native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in urban headwater streams of Eastern North America. Hydrobiologia 850, 3481–3495 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-023-05169-8

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