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Biogeographic insights from a genomic survey of Salmo trouts from the Aralo-Caspian regions

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Abstract

The eastern-most members of the Salmo trutta species complex in the Aralo-Caspian Sea region were studied to infer their population genetic structure and biogeographic origin. A total of 68 individuals collected from Iranian endorheic inland basins (Namak and Urmia lakes), tributaries of the Caspian (Haraz, Kura, Samur, Volga, and Ural river drainages) and Aral (Amu River) seas, and the Baltic Sea basin were genotyped using 26,202 SNPs via Genotyping-by-Sequencing. The data were analyzed using admixture, discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), species tree, genetic differentiation (FST), allele frequency difference (AFD), and neighbor network approaches. Trout in the southern Caspian Sea basin differ from those of the western and northern Caspian Sea. Based on our results, the Lake Namak trout is divergent from the southern and western Caspian trout populations. Aral Sea and Lake Namak trouts likely originated from the northern and southern Caspian Sea populations, respectively. Although only few populations were considered in this study, six conservation/management units of trouts are proposed.

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Acknowledgements

This work is dedicated to Mesdames Madeleine Drouin and Böyük-Khanim Ahmadi Segherloo. The authors thank Müfit Özuluğ (Istanbul), who provided tissue materials that he collected and allowed JF to participate in his many years of fieldwork. We also thank Guillaume Côté, Cecilia Hernandez, Damien Bovin-Delisle, Noémie Leduc, Clément Rougeux, and Justine Létourneau for valuable help and expertise provided in the laboratory work and during discussions. We also thank the editor and three anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on a previous version of our manuscript. This work is supported by a NSERC (Canada) Discovery grant (http://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca) to Louis Bernatchez; grant number 688MIGRD94 to Iraj Hashemzadeh Segherloo by Shahr-e-Kord University (www.sku.ac.ir); and a short-term scholarship (V3 program) from the Fonds de Recherche Québécois sur la Nature et les Technologies (FRQNT: www.frqnt.gouv.qc.ca) to Iraj Hashemzadeh Segherloo. This study is also a product of the FREDIE project, supported by the Leibniz Association Joint Initiative for Research and Innovation (SAW). BAL was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (grant no. 15.BRK.21.0015).

Funding

Funding was provided by Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Shahrekord University (688MIGRD94), Fonds Québécois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies, Leibniz Association Joint Initiative for Research and Innovation, and Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (15.BRK.21.0015).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, ShahreKord University, Shahr-e-Kord, Iran

    Iraj Hashemzadeh Segherloo

  2. Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes (IBIS), Université Laval, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada

    Iraj Hashemzadeh Segherloo, Seyedeh Narjes Tabatabaei, Eric Normandeau, Martin Laporte & Louis Bernatchez

  3. Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, Environmental Research Institute, University of Shahid Beheshty, G.C. Velenjak, Tehran, Iran

    Asghar Abdoli

  4. Museum Für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, 10115, Berlin, Germany

    Jörg Freyhof

  5. Papanin Institute of Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Yaroslavl Region, Russia

    Boris Levin

  6. A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 119071

    Boris Levin

  7. Cherepovets State University, Cherepovets, Vologda Region, Russia

    Boris Levin

  8. Museum Koenig Bonn, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, 53133, Bonn, Germany

    Matthias F. Geiger

  9. Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs (MFFP) du Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada

    Martin Laporte

  10. Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA

    Eric Hallerman

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  1. Iraj Hashemzadeh Segherloo
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  2. Seyedeh Narjes Tabatabaei
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  3. Asghar Abdoli
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  9. Eric Hallerman
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Correspondence to Iraj Hashemzadeh Segherloo.

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Hashemzadeh Segherloo, I., Tabatabaei, S.N., Abdoli, A. et al. Biogeographic insights from a genomic survey of Salmo trouts from the Aralo-Caspian regions. Hydrobiologia 849, 4325–4339 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-022-04993-8

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