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Grazing impacts of rotifer zooplankton on a cyanobacteria bloom in a shallow temperate lake (Vancouver Lake, WA, USA)

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Abstract

Grazing by microzooplankton has been shown to significantly impact freshwater cyanobacteria blooms; however, the contribution of rotifers to the overall effect of microzooplankton grazing is not well understood. We conducted monthly microzooplankton community grazing (dilution) experiments June–October 2019, concurrent with incubations of field-collected rotifers feeding upon the natural assemblage of microplankton prey < 75 µm in Vancouver Lake (Washington State, USA), a lake annually affected by cyanobacteria blooms. Our results showed that just days after a large bloom, the microzooplankton community grazing impact on phytoplankton biomass was exceptionally high (> 1000% d−1), yet the impact by rotifers was low (< 1% d−1). As the bloom diminished in September and October, the grazing impact of rotifers increased dramatically, specifically consuming substantial dinoflagellate (≤ 574%) and ciliate (≤ 382%) biomass daily. Analysis of rotifers in Vancouver Lake during these months showed the presence of large, carnivorous Asplanchna spp., which indicates multi-trophic grazing dynamics within the rotifer assemblage. We conclude that non-rotifer micro-grazers (i.e., ciliates) were likely responsible for the initial dissipation of cyanobacteria just after the bloom peak, while rotifers primarily removed micro-grazers later in autumn. This study highlights the trophic roles of micro-grazers in controlling harmful cyanobacteria blooms and quantifies the specific grazing contributions of rotifers.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Julie Zimmerman and other members of the WSU Vancouver Aquatic Ecology lab for assistance with experiments and the Vancouver Lake Sailing Club for providing dock access for data collection. Additional comments on study conceptualization, design, and on initial manuscript versions were provided by Stephen Bollens and Jonah Piovia-Scott.

Funding

Funding was provided by Washington State Lake Protection Association (WALPA) David Lamb Memorial Scholarship; Robert Lane Fellowship in Environmental Science, Francis Rush Bradley Excellence Fund, Craft Family Scholarship, and Boeing Graduate Fellowship in Environmental Studies awarded by WSU to KS; and by a Murdock Charitable Trust “Partners in Science” grant (#PIS201812553) to GRB.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of the Environment, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA

    Kathryn Sweeney & Gretchen Rollwagen-Bollens

  2. Center for Environmental Research, Education and Outreach, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA

    Stephanie E. Hampton

  3. School of the Environment, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA

    Stephanie E. Hampton

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  1. Kathryn Sweeney
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  2. Gretchen Rollwagen-Bollens
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  3. Stephanie E. Hampton
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Contributions

KS and GRB contributed to the conceptualization and design of this study. Material preparation, experimentation, and data collection were performed by KS and GRB with guidance from SEH. KS conducted microscopical and statistical analyses. The manuscript was written by KS; GRB and SEH provided comprehensive reviews of subsequent versions of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Kathryn Sweeney.

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Supplementary Fig. 1 Net phytoplankton growth rates as a function of dilution level, measured from monthly microzooplankton community grazing experiments conducted using water from Vancouver Lake May–October 2019. Linear regression slopes significantly different from zero are represented with asterisks (* = p < 0.05, ** = p <0.01, *** = p <0.001), the negatives values of which represent the microzooplankton grazing rate (d-1). Y-intercept of each regression line represent the intrinsic phytoplankton growth rate (d-1). Supplementary file1 (TIFF 14220 kb)

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Sweeney, K., Rollwagen-Bollens, G. & Hampton, S.E. Grazing impacts of rotifer zooplankton on a cyanobacteria bloom in a shallow temperate lake (Vancouver Lake, WA, USA). Hydrobiologia 849, 2683–2703 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-022-04885-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-022-04885-x

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