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Multiple effects of a typhoon strike and wastewater effluent on benthic macrofaunal communities in a mangrove estuary

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Abstract

We examined the multiple effects of a typhoon strike and agricultural wastewater effluent on benthic faunal communities at the mangrove estuary in Nagura Lagoon, Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan. Environmental parameters and benthic macrofaunal community structures were compared at wastewater-impacted and intact reference sites (which were nested in canopy-covered forests and fringing mudflats), before and after the typhoon strike. Most physical and chemical factors were not affected by wastewater loading, typhoon strikes, or habitat differences; however, organic parameters (food resource environment) were changed; wastewater input raised amounts of microphytobenthos and mangrove litter, while a typhoon strike significantly increased phytoplankton biomass. Wastewater effluent also increased the numerical abundance and species richness of benthic macrofauna; however, a typhoon strike did not induce such changes. Species compositions were clearly divided into pre-and post-typhoon periods at the reference site, but were classified into the same cluster at the wastewater site, regardless of the typhoon. The typhoon-induced compositional shift is caused by the removal of vulnerable arboreal species and facultative opportunistic species recruitment. However, wastewater that causes organic-rich conditions would lock such community dynamics by enhancing the predominance of species that prefer and tolerate eutrophic conditions. Overall, the impact of anthropogenic wastewater could outweigh those of natural typhoon disturbances on benthic faunal communities in mangrove estuaries.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the staff of the Yaeyama Field Station, Fisheries Technology Institute for assistance in fieldwork.

Funding

The present work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) from the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan (17H03628).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 5-10-1 Shimoda, Shizuoka, 415-0025, Japan

    Koetsu Kon & Ayumi Goto

  2. Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Tokyo, Minato, 108-8477, Japan

    Koetsu Kon

  3. Yaeyama Field Station, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 148 Fukai-ohta, Ishigaki, Okinawa, 907-0451, Japan

    Iwao Tanita

  4. Coastal and Inland Fisheries Ecosystems Division, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 1551-8 Taira-machi, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 851-2213, Japan

    Hideaki Yamada

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  1. Koetsu Kon
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KK contributed to conceptualization, formal analysis, investigation, and writing—original draft. AG contributed to formal analysis and investigation. IT contributed to resources, investigation, writing- reviewing, and editing. HY contributed to writing- reviewing and editing and funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Koetsu Kon.

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Kon, K., Goto, A., Tanita, I. et al. Multiple effects of a typhoon strike and wastewater effluent on benthic macrofaunal communities in a mangrove estuary. Hydrobiologia 849, 2569–2579 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-022-04877-x

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