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Extensive sampling sheds light on species-level diversity in Palearctic Placobdella (Annelida: Clitellata: Glossiphoniiformes)

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Abstract

The bloodfeeding leech genus Placobdella is dominated by North American diversity, with only a single nominal species known from Central America and one from the Palearctic region. This is likely due to considerable underestimation of Palearctic biodiversity, but investigations into potential hidden diversity are lacking. To shed light on this, the present study introduces new data for specimens initially identified as Placobdella costata from Ukraine (close to the type locality), Italy, Germany, Latvia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Tunisia, and Algeria, and uses both nuclear (Internal Transcribed Spacer [ITS] region) and mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [COI]) sequence data in phylogenetic and DNA barcoding frameworks, in order to better understand species-level diversity. Seven independent lineages are present in the trees, five of which show adequate separation at the COI locus to suggest their unique species-level status (COI distances between these clades range from 4.86 to 8.10%). However, the ITS data suggest that speciation is recent or incipient in these clades, and that not enough time has passed for clear separation at this locus. We discuss the evolutionary and taxonomic implications of our findings and speculate on dispersal events that may have contributed to shaping this pattern of geographic distribution.

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Data availability

All DNA sequences used in the present study are deposited in GenBank under Accession Numbers OK350331-OK350352 (COI) and OK356870-OK356884 (ITS).

Code availability

Not applicable.

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Acknowledgements

Funding for this study was generously supplied by a NSERC Discovery Grant (SK) and as part of the statutory activities of the University of Silesia in Katowice (to PŚ and ŁG). We thank Ester Kink, Kristen Choffe, Nuša Hrga, and Valerija Zakšek for technical support in the lab, as well as Melita Vamberger for help in the field.

Funding

Funding for this study was generously supplied by a NSERC Discovery Grant (SK) and as part of the statutory activities of the University of Silesia in Katowice (to PŚ and ŁG).

Author information

Author notes

  1. Sebastian Kvist, Serge Utevsky and Federico Marrone have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada

    Sebastian Kvist

  2. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

    Sebastian Kvist

  3. Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine

    Serge Utevsky & Andrii Khomenko

  4. Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy

    Federico Marrone & Luca Vecchioni

  5. Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, LR18ES41 Ecologie, Biologie et Physiologie des organismes aquatiques, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia

    Raja Ben Ahmed

  6. Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland

    Łukasz Gajda & Piotr Świątek

  7. Elstertrebnitz, Germany

    Clemens Grosser

  8. Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Azerbaijan, Baku, Azerbaijan

    Mair Huseynov

  9. Ludwigslust, Germany

    Uwe Jueg

  10. Kharkiv Regional Center for Hydrometeorology, Kharkiv, Ukraine

    Andrii Khomenko

  11. Laboratorio de Helmintología, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico

    Alejandro Oceguera-Figueroa

  12. Department of Biology, University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro

    Vladimir Pešić

  13. Department of Ecology, Institute of Life Sciences and Technologies, Daugavpils University, Daugavpils, 5400, Latvia

    Mihails Pupins

  14. Université Chadli Bendjedid, El Tarf, Algeria

    Rachid Rouag

  15. Department of Aquaculture and Fish Diseases, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey

    Naim Sağlam

  16. Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Peter Trontelj

  17. Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, 17489, Greifswald, Germany

    Christian Müller

Authors
  1. Sebastian Kvist
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  2. Serge Utevsky
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  3. Federico Marrone
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  18. Christian Müller
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Contributions

All authors designed the research; SK, SU, FM, LV, LG, and CM analyzed the data. All authors wrote, reviewed, and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Sebastian Kvist, Serge Utevsky or Federico Marrone.

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Kvist, S., Utevsky, S., Marrone, F. et al. Extensive sampling sheds light on species-level diversity in Palearctic Placobdella (Annelida: Clitellata: Glossiphoniiformes). Hydrobiologia 849, 1239–1259 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04786-5

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